Transcript Chapter 8.2 ppt

Chapter 8.2
Holy Roman Empire and the Church
1. During the Middle Ages, the Church and
monarchs increased their power.
2. By 1077, conflicts had developed
3. Longest, most destructive feud was btwn
the Holy Roman Empire and the Popes.
Objective: learn about
1. Holy Roman Emperors fail to unify
Germany into a nation-state.
2. HRE Henry IV fights w/ Pope Gregory
VII over lay investiture
3. Church reaches apex of its power
around 1200
This is important b/c……
• This is part of the struggle for rule
over Europe: secular leaders vs. the
Church.
Focus Q Friday, 10/10
What was “lay investiture?”
Why was it such a big deal
during the late Middle Ages?
The Holy Roman Empire
• After Charlemagne's death, western
Europe dissolved into many separate
states.
• By 936, Otto I had united Saxon and
German lands, took title of King of
Germany
Otto I Becomes Emperor
1. Like Charlemagne, Otto I worked closely w/
the church
2. Helped the pope defeat rebellious
Roman nobles
3. The grateful pope crowned him emperor
4. His successors took the title Holy Roman
Emperor
Emperors Struggle for Control
1. German emperors claimed control over
much of central and eastern Europe, parts
of France and Italy.
2. However, the real rulers were the Church
and nobles
3. The Huge conflict was…—who
would appoint bishops and abbots
(church officials)
The Feud Btwn Pope and Emperor
• 1054, Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII
scrap.
Gregory VII Causes Controversy
– Many liked his reforms, but ……
– Some policies aroused hatred, contempt
1. He didn’t want secular rulers to appoint
church bishops so Gregory banned……
***LAY INVESTITURE—emperors or others
appointing bishops, abbots***
–Would be a 50 year struggle
Henry IV Responds
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Henry says he can do it
Pope says “no, you can’t”
Henry says “yes, I can”
Pope says “no, you can’t”
Henry says “yes, I can”
The issue….lay investiture
The Struggle Intensifies
1. Gregory VII excommunicates (excluded
from the sacraments) Henry
2. Henry’s nobles revolted, forcing Henry
to make peace
3. Henry repented…pope is a priest, had
to forgive a sinner
The Struggle Intensifies
1. Gregory lifts the excommunication
2. Henry puts down his
nobles….then….
3. Attacks Rome, forcing the pope
into exile
4. That’s gratitude for ya
A Compromise: ***Concordat of
Worms***
1122, both sides accept a treaty
1. ***Church had the sole power to invest w/
spiritual authority (to elect) Bishops***
2. The emperor could still give them fiefs (for
influence)
Think…Pair…Share
What is lay investiture?
How are lay investiture and the
Concordat of Worms related?
I thought they were funny…..Yogi
Berra quotes
• When you come to a fork in the road,
take it.
• You can observe a lot just by watching.
• It’s like déjà vu all over again.
• No one goes there
nowadays, it’s too
crowded.
The Struggle for Italy
• German emperors wanted control over
Italy
• They came into conflict w/ popes and
wealthy cities in northern Italy
German Emperors Try to
Subdue Italy
• ***(HRE) Frederick Barbarossa battled
wealthy northern Italy cities (Lombard
League) and the pope***
• So did his grandson, Frederick II, BOTH
FAILED
• Barbarossa wants an empire from Baltic
to Adriatic
“Red Beard”
Effects on Germany and Italy
• Holy Roman Empire survives as a patchwork
of feudal states
• Germany wouldn’t become a nation-state for
600 years, unlike Eng and FR
• Southern Italy and Sicily faced centuries of
violence
Church Power Reaches its Height
• In the 1200s, church reaches its peak
political power
• Popes like Gregory VII claim the right to
depose kings, emperors
• Later popes greatly expand papal power
Papal Supremacy
1. 1198, Pope Innocent III claims supremacy
over all rulers
2. “pope stands btwn God and man and is
judged by no one”
3. Innocent tangles w/ many, usually wins
– King John of England
– King Philip II of France
– Launches a holy war (crusade) against a religious group
in Southern France
Papal Supremacy
• Innocent III strengthened papal power w/in
the church too
–Extended the Papal States
–Reformed the Church courts
–Changed the way that Church officials were
chosen
Looking Ahead
• French and English monarchies grew
stronger
• Around 1300, a French pope is
elected, papacy entered a period of
decline
Summarize
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On focus Q page
3 things you learned
I wonder……
1 simile