Transcript Middle Ages, etc powerpoint

Middle Ages
700-800’s Frankish Kingdom expandsCharlemagne as king
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controls much of western Europedefends/ spreads Catholicism
encourages learning
sons are weak rulers and kingdom splits
800- Violent Invasions from the Vikings in the North,
1000 Maygars and Arabs in the east. Constant danger
and fear leads to the creation of the feudal system
The Feudal systemsocial and economic system
Social pyramid- (pics of each)
King
Noble
Bishop
(wealthy, land owning)
Knight
Knight
(wealthy, land owning)
Knight
Knight
(fights for noble in exchange for fiefs, land)
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant
Peasant Peasant
(poor, tied to the land they work, pay large amount to knight and nobles)
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Start of Feudalism
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Manor- Lord’s (noble) estate
Born into place in society
Peasants do all the work on the manor
Peasant- works the land called a fief
pay high taxes to the nobles/lords and church.
Receive land to farm, protection, housing
Serfs could not leave the land they worked
Self- sustaining- food, clothing, tools, building
material, fuel found or made on manor
Knights, Chivalry and Battle (Pg 328)
Middle Ages Europe is a battleground of Nobles fighting for
land, each had private army of knights. Knights rewarded
with land and peasants to work it.
700’s- Knights on horseback become common/ important
part of army.
1100’s Code of Chivalry- fight bravely for Noble, God and
Lady
 Tournaments- mock battles and war skills.
1100’s Europe is covered with Castles- homes of Lord, Lady
and fortress
Battle- used Trebuchets, catapults, battering rams, siege
towers, VS Arrows, boiling water, tar, lead, oil.
 Literature and music idolize (make seem really nice, don’t
talk about the bad stuff) Knighthood, Chivalry and Love
 Feudalism spurred the rise of powerful leaders in Europe
that would create large and lasting nations.
Life
The Church
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Clergy- religious officials
stabilizing, gives sense of security, and
community in which to belong.
Religious and social gatherings
Religious holidays large celebrations and feasts
Everyone subject to cannon law, law of the
church, courts to try those who broke laws.
If you don’t you are excommunicated- kicked out
of both religious and social community, denied
salvation
800- 1100
Holy Roman empire- gains
strength after Charlemagne, controls Europe,
continued fight for power between king and church
1000+
Reform in the church
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Ending of marriage of priests
Pope’s advisors create the cannon (church law) and act as
court
Pope’s power increases through Europe
Renewed importance in holiness and devotion to religion
1100-1300
New styles of Cathedrals- Gothic
Crusades
(pg 344)-(note 346 and 347)
Pope call for people to recover Jerusalem from Muslims,
protect Constantinople. Combination of nobles, knights and
peasants from several European nations
1097- 1198
1st four crusades- only first two successful in
capturing Jerusalem and surrounding area. Later into North
Africa, however little land was gained
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1000-1300
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Cities, trade, learning, population expands
use of horse instead of oxen, plow faster
three field system, more land planted (more food)
market days in town
craft guilds started, bakers, tailors, glassmakers
Jews- moneylending
Serfs leave owners for towns
University develops- scholars meet and discuss, look at othersGreece, Rome, Muslim
Bubonic Plague
1300’s
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Bubonic Plague- Black Death (358)
killed 1/3 of the population (25 million)
started in Asia moved along trade routes
75% death rate
Jews blamed
Prices, wages rose, trade fell
Crusades bring back good and ideas from the
middle east which creates more demand for
eastern goods, and new ways of thinking,
challenging old ideas. Bubonic plaque creates
new appreciation for life, questioning of church.
Renaissance
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1300- 1600
= rebirth- starts in Italy (1300) and
moves north and west, along trade routes (1450)
Growth in cities, trade
Humanism- Focus on Individual achievement, worth of a
person
Antiquity- return to learning and study of classical
subjects, classical art/ architecture, ancient manuscripts
rediscovered from falling Byzantine empire
Art flourishes- supported by pope, church, wealthy
nobility, new techniques, Leonardo Da Vinci,
Michelangelo, Raphael (420),
New World View- enjoyment of worldly pleasure- nice
clothes, good food, entertainment, Secular- movement
away from church but still religious
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Increase in learning, studying, literature
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Renaissance man- skilled many areas, educated, artist, good
social skills, sing/ dance, athletic, write poetry
1440
Gutenburg invents the printing press, in 60
years books become widely available
Renaissance ideas continue to influence European
thought, belief in the dignity of the individual played a
key role in the gradual rise of democratic ideas. (417)
How did the Renaissance influence/ help to create the
reformation? Pg 428
Reformation- splitting of the Christian faith
1500’s
Problems in the church popes/ clergy spent lots of money and lived extravagantly/ richly
while the poor starved
 clergy- often committing sins- gambling, drinking, affairs with
women
 call for reform from within
 widely available Bible for people to read for themselves
1517 a monk named Martin Luther- enraged over some of the
churches actions wrote a paper criticizing the church and hung it on
the door so that someone could debate him
 Luther’s statements gain popularity
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Salvation through faith alone
Church teachings based on Bible
All people were equal and able to read and understand the Bible for
themselves
Protestantism is born- many new groups are bornLutheran, Calvinism, Church of England- fighting breaks
out between groups
 Catholics respond with reform- pope reforms- Council of
Trent
 Luther is excommunicated- but not as serious of a threat
that it used to be- trial of Worms, later hid by German
prince
Legacies Challenge of authority (pope)
 Individual reading and thinking for themselves
 Exposure to new ideas
Why is the Reformation significant?
 This is the start of the revolutions against the church.
Smashing tradition- held strong for almost 1000 years.
The church is beginning to lose political power.
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Renaissance- Exploration