Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
Download
Report
Transcript Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
CHARLEMAGNE UNITES
GERMANIC KINGDOMS
Chapter 13
Section 1
VOCAB
Middle Ages
Franks
Monastery
Secular
Carolingian Dynasty
Charlemagne
INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE
Disruption of trade:
Constant invasion collapsed merchant businesses; destroyed
Europe’s cities as economic centers; money was scarce
Downfall of Cities:
Fall of the Roman Empire cities were abandoned as places of
administration
Population Shifts:
As cities were in decline people moved to the country to grow their
own food. Europe’s population became mostly rural
INVASIONS OF WESTERN EUROPE
Decline of Learning
Loss of Common Lang.
German invaders were
illiterate
Only priest and church
officials could read and
write
Knowledge of Greek
and Roman literature,
science, and philosophy
almost lost completely
German speaking
people mixed with the
Romans Latin changed
800’s French and
Spanish had emerged
Continued the break-up
of a once unified
empire
GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE
The concept of Government Changes:
Germanic society held together by family ties and loyalty; not written
law or public government
German citizens would fight along their kings
Seen as a disgrace to outlive their king \
Felt no obligation to a king or emperor they have never met
Impossible to govern large areas of land
GERMANIC KINGDOMS EMERGE
Clovis Rules the Franks:
A people called the Franks were in control of the land of Gaul
(France)
Clovis was their leader
In 496 out of fear of defeat Clovis prayed to the Christian God for aid.
He won the battle and he and his 3,000 men were baptized
(converted to Christianity)
511 Clovis united all the Franks
The church in Rome supported Clovis and his military campaign
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANIT Y
Politics play a large role in the spread of Christianity
600 the church with help of the Frankish rulers converted
many Germanic people to Christianity
Missionaries (religious travelers) help to spread as well
Constant fear of Muslim attacks in Southern Europe also spur
many converts
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANIT Y
Monasteries, Convents, Manuscripts:
Monastery: religious community where monks gave up private
possessions and devoted life to serving God
Convent: Monastery for women called nuns
Monasteries become best educated communities in Europe;
responsible for preserving Rome’s intellectual heritage
GERMANS ADOPT CHRISTIANIT Y
Papal Power Extends Under Gregory I:
590 C.E. Greg becomes Pope and turns the papacy into a secular
power (worldly power involved in politics)
Greg will use the church revenues to raise armies, fix roads, and help
the poor, and negotiate treaties
Considered Italy-England; and Spain to Germany his responsibility
Creating a kingdom of the church ruled by the pope.
AN EMPIRE EVOLVES
Charles Martel and Pepin the Short
719 Frankish Kingdom falls into the hands of Charles Martel (Charles
the Hammer)
Expands Frankish Kingdom
Defeats Muslims from Spain at Battle of Tours; preserve Christianity
in Western Europe
Martel dies power goes to his son Pepin the Short
Pepin negotiates with the pope; he will fight the Lombards if the
pope will grace him “king by the grace of God”
Pope agrees and the Carolingian Dynasty is born
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
When Pepin died in 768 he left the kingdom to his two sons
Carloman and Charles
Carloman dies in 771 leaving Charles in charge of the entire
kingdom
Charles becomes known as Charlemagne; Charles the Great.
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
Charlemagne Extends Frankish Rule:
Builds empire greater than any other since ancient Rome
Through conquests he extends Christianity and reunites Western
Europe for the first time since the Roman Empire
800 Charlemagne goes to defend the pope from an angry mob; in
return Pope Leo III gives him the title “Roman Emperor”
Symbolizing the joining of Germanic, Church, and Roman heritage
CHARLEMAGNE BECOMES EMPEROR
Charlemagne’s Heirs:
814 Charlemagne makes his son Louis the Pious Emperor; he is
ineffective ruler
Louis leaves the empire to his 3 sons, Lothair, Charles the Bald, Louis
the German
They fight over control and sign the Treaty of Verdun
Divides the empire into 3 kingdoms
Carolingian kings lose power and central authority over Western
Europe
Loss of strong leadership will lead to new kind of governing and
landholding------feudalism
POP QUIZ
What were Pepin the Short’s two sons names?
How many kingdoms did the Treaty of Verdun create?
Who was the first Christian King of the Franks?
Who extend the authority of the papacy?
What important battle did Charles Martel win against the
Muslims?