Transcript The Franks
The Franks Notes p. 277-285 *please note all unlabeled graphics are courtesy of Microsoft I. Charles the Hammer A. After Clovis, Frankish kings were weak; divided kingdom among sons→they fought B. Govt official “Mayor of the Palace” – – – Conducted wars Gave out land Settled disputes C. Most powerful was Charles Martel; wanted reunite all Frankish nobles “The Hammer” b/c of his strength in battle In 732 led Battle of Tours (against the Arabs & Berbers); Franks won; enabled Christianity to survive D. Pepin (his son) became Mayor and removed the king & took over – 1st Frankish leader to be anointed, or blessed w/holy oil, by Pope – Pepin fought the Lombards & gave the land of central Italy to Pope Vatican City •Smallest country in the world •110 acres •Has a population of approximately 829 (all are religious clergy or guards) •Protected by the Swiss Guard (aka Vatican Guard) •Size comparison: http://www.xefer.com/2010/12 /vatican-city http://internationalagprograms.okstate.edu/studyabroad/Italy%20Study%20Abroad/Italy_Study_Abroad_Leon_Spicer.htm II. Charlemagne A. Pepin died in 768 B. His son, Charles, became king; known as Charlemagne (“Charles the Great” in French). C. Wanted to bring all of western Europe under his rule D. Defeated the Lombards & Saxons E. Created a large empire http://encarta.msn.com/media_461527136/Charlemagne's_Empire_in_800.html a. A Christian Empire A. Charlemagne became the most powerful leader in western Europe B. Wanted close ties between the Church & government – Church official kept records & helped run country; Charlemagne appointed bishops & regarded any act against the church as being disloyal to him government church -Christmas day 800, Pope declared Charlemagne as new Roman Emperor and crowned him; -Charlemagne was displeased→felt right to rule came from God, not the Pope. C. Charlemagne was a wise and just ruler – Had counts take care of local problems, stop feuds, protect the poor, and raise armies D. Capital was Aachen, but traveled around http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ZAn-ABmM9m4/ScwCKdD1MAI/AAAAAAAAFqM/c_sJg-ooMxM/s400/The+Count.bmp.jpg b. Education A. Most could not read or write B. Charlemagne kept a slate next to his bed to practice writing C. CHARLEMAGNE HAD A SCHOLAR, ALCUIN, START A SCHOOL – STUDIED RELIGION, LATIN, MUSIC, LITERATURE, AND ARITHMETIC – TEACHERS DEVELOPED A NEW FORM OF WRITING THAT USED LOWERCASE LETTERS; took up less space & easier to read D. Arts flourished again – Artists covered palace and church walls with pictures from the Bible c. Collapse of the Empire A. Charlemagne died in 814 (he was 64…old age at the time & was ill with a fever) B. Louis the Pious (his son) divided the land among his three sons, who fought. They divided western Europe into smaller territories.