Transcript Famous scientific achievements/Inventions of the 20th Century

Marking Period 2 Project
Famous scientific achievements/inventions
of the 20th Century
Assignment – Write a research paper, of AT LEAST 2 page paper (double
spaced) on the assigned topic with citations (MLA).
Final copies due by January 24th
Assignment will be broken down into four parts:
1. Give me a list of your resources, at least 3 (Wikipedia is not an acceptable
source)
2. Give me an outline of your essay
3. Give me a rough draft (due by January 10th)
4. Final, finished copy
Sources
Requirements for sources
Have at least 3 sources (4 is preferred). Again Wikipedia is NOT a source and will not
count if used.
Of the 3 sources, have at least one book source (an online newspaper/website is an
acceptable substitute).
Best Places to get information on the web – Any .edu website (college website)
.gov websites (government websites and information)
Worst places to get information on the web – Wikipedia (unless you need
REALLY basic information like dates), personal blogs or opinion websites.
Citations
MLA Citation examples
Works Cited Page Example:
Newspaper – Dean, Cornelia. "Executive on a Mission: Saving the Planet."
New York Times. New York Times, 22 May 2007. Web. 25 May 2009.
Book – Rollin, Bernard E. Science and Ethics. New York: Cambridge University
Press, 2006. Print.
Website – Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. S. H. Butcher. The Internet Classics
Archive. Web Atomic and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 13 Sept.
2007. Web. 4 Nov. 2008
In Text Citations Example
Book W/ Author – Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous
overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263).
Website – During the presentation, Jane Yates stated that invention and prewriting are areas of rhetoric that need more attention. (James)
Best website EVER! – http://citationmachine.net
This website, as long as you have the information, will do the above
citations FOR YOU!
Write this down and keep it. You can use it from now until college to
help you!
Special Theory of Relativity
- Proposed in 1905 by Albert Einstein, one of the greatest
thinkers in history.
- This equation formed the basics of modern physics.
- This equation says Energy is = to Mass * the Speed of
Light squared.
Moon Landing
- Apollo 11 launched July
16th 1969.
- Apollo 11 arrived at
the moon on July 20th
1969.
- Neil Armstrong was the
1st man to walk on the
moon.
- The moon landing “won”
the space race for the
US over the USSR.
DNA Profiling
- The first use of DNA
in a court case was
back in 1986.
- Alec Jeffrys a
geneticist from England
discovered the
technique in 1984.
- Today DNA is used
extensively in criminal
cases.
Discovery of Penicillin
- Alexander Fleming
discovered Penicillin
in September 1928.
- Howard Flory and
Ernst Chain were
able to make his
discovery usable in
1940.
- Penicillin helped fight
infections and saved
millions of lives and
prevented millions of
amputations since its
discovery.
Wright Brothers First Flight
- Orville and Wilbur
Wright piloted the
first powered
airplane on December
17th 1903 in North
Carolina.
- The plane flew for 59
seconds over 852
feet.
- They had been
working on it, out of
their bicycle shop in
Ohio, since 1896.
Jonas Salk discovers the Polio Vaccine
- Developed in 1952 by scientist Jonas Salk.
- 52,000+ cases of polio were reported in the United
States in 1952. By 1962 there were only 886 thanks to
the vaccine.
- In 2013 only 226 cases were reported in the World.
The Hubble Space Telescope
- Taken into orbit by Nasa in 1990.
- It helped redefine the age of the universe!
- It will still be in service until at least 2014.
The Personal Computer
- The first personal
computer named
the Programma 101
was launched in
1964.
- The SCAMP IBM
computer was the
beginning of the
modern personal
computer.
- Today, everyone
owns a device that
has its roots in the
personal computer.
from tablets to cell
phones.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
- The first GPS satellite
was launched in 1989.
- Developed by the
military, President
Reagan made it
available for civilians.
- Today there are 24
GPS satellites in orbit.
GPS is still in use for
both military and
private use.
The Nuclear Bomb
- Codenamed Trinity, the
first Nuclear bomb was
detonated on July 16,
1945.
- During World War II,
The United States
dropped two nuclear
bombs on Japan to help
end the war.
- Nuclear weapons and
bombs today are as
small as a briefcase
and the larger ones
10-20x more powerful
than the original.
Modern Rocketry
- The first modern rocket
was created in 1926 by
Robert Goodard.
- The German Army used a
V-2 rocket during world
war 2. At the time the
most advanced rocket
ever made.
- Today rockets are the
basis for space
exploration.
Pacemaker
- Regulating the beating of the heart, the first implantable
pacemaker was given to Arne Larsson in 1958.
- Pacemakers can be made for adults, children, even new born
babies. It has saved countless lives since its invention.
- Some famous people with a pacemaker include Elton John and
Julie Bowen from modern family.
Sputnik 1
- The first Satellite sent off into space, Sputnik 1 was
launched on October 4th 1957 by the USSR.
- It signaled the beginning of the “space race” between the
United States and the USSR.
- Sputnik 1 spent three months in orbit before crashing back
to earth.
Nuclear Power
- The first nuclear power plant was built on June 27th 1954 in
the USSR.
- Nuclear power presently supplies about 10% of the world
energy.
- There have been 3 disasters at nuclear power plants over
the last 35 years, causing the development of it to slow.
Electron Microscope
- The first modern
electron microscope
was built in 1938.
- These microscopes
use an electron beam
to get their images.
- Can magnify up to
10,000,000x.
Apple II Computer released (1977)
- Apple computers was
founded by Steve Jobs
and was originally
operating out of his
garage.
- The original price tag of
the Apple II was $1298
with 4k of Ram or $2638
for 48k or Ram.
- One of the 1st computers
with a color display and
had the BASIC
programming language out
of the box.
- 1st successful home
computer mass marketed
and released.
Refrigerator
- Developed for
home use in
1913.
- The very first
ones had to be
put together by
the customer.
- Refrigerators
today are in
almost every
household in the
United States.
DNA double helix
- The first article about double helix DNA was published in
1953.
- DNA is the building block of life.
- Today it has wide ranging implications, from criminal trials,
cloning, to medicine.
Chemotherapy
- The first use of
chemotherapy was
in 1942 to treat
lymphoma.
- Chemotherapy
works by damaging
fast growing cells
(usually cancer
cells).
- It’s still the main
cancer treatment
available today.
Transistor
- Transistors began to
be worked on in
1907. In 1953 they
became commonplace.
- The transistor is a
key component in
every major
electronic device
made today.
- It’s used in
everything from
TV's, cars,
computers and cell
phones just to name
a few.
The Internet
- Research began on the
internet back in the 1960’s
and was called ARPANET.
- In 1982 TCP/IP network
calls became the standard
and the internet began to
grow.
- The internet, as we know
it, became commercial in
1995 and has grown into
what all of us use today.
The Mars Rovers
- The United States has launched 4 successful Mars
Rovers since July 4th 1997.
- The last one “Curiosity” landed in 2012 and is still
operating.
- “Curiosity” has found evidence that there was once
water on Mars.
The Big Bang Theory
- George Lemaitre first
proposed the theory in
1927.
- The theory describes the
early development of the
universe.
- Today there are many
different theories about
the universe off the initial
big bang theory proposed
by Lemaitre.
Integrated Circuit (Microchip)
- The first working
integrated circuit
was developed by
Jack Kilby and
Robert Noyce in
1958.
- It combined
electronic parts into
one circuit. This
made it possible for
electronics to be
made smaller.
- Today integrated
circuits (microchips)
are part of every
electronical device
we use.
Aqualung
- The first underwater
breathing unit, made
in Paris in 1943.
- It was the father of
modern scuba and
deep water diving
gear.
- Modern scuba gear
has helped greatly in
our understanding
and discoveries of
the planets oceans.
Compact Discs
- Developed by Philips and
Sony in the mid 1970’s
and made commercially
available in 1983.
- The compact disc changed
the way information would
be exchanged.
- It led to the growth of
personal computers, and
helped many different
industries store
information.
Radiocarbon Dating
- William Libby proposed
that decay in the element
Carbon-14 could be used
to determine the age of
organic material.
- He published a paper in
1949 that began
radiocarbon dating.
- Today it is the standard
for dating how old anything
with organic material is.
Microwave Oven
- Invented by Percy Spencer in 1946.
- 90% of people in the United States currently own a
microwave oven.
- It made food preparation easier and led to the sale and
creation of frozen dinners.