Transcript cisc and risc technology

THE BRIEF HISTORY OF 8085
MICROPROCESSOR
&
THEIR APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY
Prof. U V THETE
Dept. of Computer Science
YMA
WHAT IS MICROPROCESSOR ?
Fig:- Microprocessor Chip

The Microprocessor is a
Programmable device.

It has computing & decision making
capabilities.
HOW DOES THE MICROPROCESSOR
WORK ?

The Microprocessor reads
BINARY instructions from a
storage device, called –
MEMORY.

It accepts binary data as input
and processes data according
to the instructions.
Fig:-BASIC MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
TYPES OF MICROPROCESSOR
(
• CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer
)
• RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer)
• VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word Computers
• SUPER SCALAR PROCESSOR
)
CISC AND RISC TECHNOLOGY
• RISC stands for reduced instruction set computer and CISC for complex instruction set computer.
• RISC chips use simpler instructions sets to achieve higher clock
frequencies and process more instructions per clock cycle than
CISC processors.
 CISC chips have a large amount of different and complex
instructions. Reason is hardware is always faster than software
so, have a powerful instruction set, which provides
programmers with assembly instructions to do a lot with short
Programs.
 CISC chips are relatively slow (compared to RISC chips) per
instruction, but use little (less than RISC) instructions.
 Intel and AMD, for example, develop CISC processors (x86),
while Apple and SUN use RISC architecture.
CISC AND RISC TECHNOLOGY
• RISC is cheaper and. RISC puts a greater burden on the
software. Software needs to become more complex. Software
developers need to write more lines for the same tasks. So,
RISC is not the architecture of the future.
• CISC chips are becoming faster and cheaper anyway.
• Pentium is definitely CISC
4 – BIT MICROPROCESSORS

World’s FIRST Microprocessor is – INTEL
4004.

It is a 4 bit microprocessor based on LSI
Technology.
 APPLICATION:Video games, Microwave ovens,
Calculators.
Fig:- INTEL 4004
 DRAWBACKS:Slow, Small Memory Size.
8 – BIT MICROPROCESSORS



Fig:- INTEL 8008

In 1972,8-bit microprocessor Intel 8008
had been launched.
It can address 16KB memory.
In 1974, Intel 8080 came with 10 times
higher speed.
Addresses 64KB memory.
 APPLICATION:Calculator, Traffic Signal Control, Altair
8800 Computer (First PC).
Fig:- INTEL 8080
Z- 80 MICROPROCESSOR
Fig:- Zilog Z-80

Z-80 microprocessor is manufactured by
Zilog Corporation on July,1976.

It has 16bit Address Bus & 8bit Data Bus.

Required less hardware for power supply.
APPLICATIONS OF Z-80
Fig:-Z80 CPU formed on Glass Substrate
Fig:- Programming Graphing Calculator
Fig:- WRIST COMPUTER
BASIC FEATURES OF 8085
Fig:- Intel 8085
•
8085 is a 8-bit microprocessor.
•
It is capable of addressing 64KB of
memory.
•
It has 40 pins & requires +5V of
power supply.
•
Required Clock frequency is 3MHz.
DEMULTIPLEXING OF AD7-AD0
HIGHER ORDER
ADDRESS BUS
A15-A8
ALE
8085
AD7-AD0
Latch
A7- A0
D 7- D 0
Fig:- Demultiplexing of Address/ Data Lines
LOWER ORDER
ADDRESS BUS
DATA BUS
APPLICATIONS OF 8085
• WordStar
• Automatic Water Level Controller
• Automatic Plant Irrigator
• Traffic Control System
WHERE WE STAND NOW ?
Itanium,
Pentium
Dual Core,
Core i3, i5, i7
64-BIT MP
Intel 80386,
80486,
Pentium P5,
P6,Pentium 4
Intel 8086,
8088, 80186,
80286
32-BIT MP
16-BIT MP
Intel 8008,
8080,
8085, Z-80
Intel 4004
8-BIT MP
4-BIT MP
Latest Version of Intel Microprocessor – Core i7. Introduced on 16 March,2010
Dual-Core
A dual-core processor is a CPU with two processors or
"execution cores" in the same integrated circuit.
Each processor has its own cache and controller, which
enables it to function as efficiently as a single processor.
they can perform operations up to twice as fast as a single
processor can.
The Intel Core Duo, the AMD X2, and the dual-core PowerPC G5
are all examples of CPUs that use dual-core technologies.
a dual-core system has twice the processing power of a singleprocessor machine,
Intel Core i3 Processor
Uses 4 threads. it uses hyperthreading technology with its improved efficiency
over earlier processors.
This processor consists of 2-4 cores
Contains A 3-4 MB Cache
Uses less heat and energy than earlier processors.
Intel Core i5 Processor
This is the mid-size processor . It is used where the user will be
running resource-intensive applications.
It has 2-4 cores, the main difference is that it has a higher clock
speed than the Core i3.
This is also a heat and energy efficient processor.
it also uses hyperthreading technology for a boost in performance.
The cache of the Core i5 is bigger than the Core i3, it’s at 3-8 MB.
Intel Core i7 Processor
•The cache on this one is 4-8 MB.
•This processor comes with 8 threads, definitely enough to get the
job done quickly.And yes it also utilizes hyperthreading technology.
• it is more energy efficient and produces less heat.
THE LATEST WONDER
Fig:- World’s First Flexible Organic Microprocessor
FUTURE ASCEPTS
Microprocessors are increasingly playing a major role in the modern society. Today, the processors can be seen as a set of several sub-processors working for a
single program. Possibly in the future, the microprocessor chip will hold several
processors working in parallel for several program threads.
Fig:- 10th Generation of Itanium chip having 3 billion Transistors