Transcript Recovery-Oriented Computing

Motivations and Introduction
• Phenomenal growth in computer
industry/technology:
X2/18mo in 20yr. multi-GFLOPs
processors, largely due to
–Micro-electronics technology
–Computer Design innovations
• We have come a long way in a short
time of 56 years since the 1st
general purpose computer in 1946:
Slide 1
Motivations and Introduction
Past (Milestones):
– First electronic computer ENIAC in 1946: 18,000 vacuum
tubes, 3,000 cubic feet, 20 2-foot 10-digit registers, 5
KIPs (thousand additions per second);
– First microprocessor (a CPU on a single IC chip) Intel
4004 in 1971: 2,300 transistors, 60 KIPs, $200;
– Virtual elimination of assembly language programming
reduced the need for object-code compatibility;
– The creation of standardized, vendor-independent
operating systems, such as UNIX and its clone, Linux,
lowered the cost and risk of bringing out a new
architecture
– RISC instruction set architecture paved ways for drastic
design innovations that focused on two critical
performance techniques: instruction-level parallelism
and use of caches
Slide 2
Motivations and Introduction
Present (State of the art):
– Microprocessors approaching/surpassing 10 GFLOPS;
– A high-end microprocessor (<$10K) today is easily more
powerful than a supercomputer (>$10million) ten years
ago;
– While technology advancement contributes a sustained
annual growth of 35%, innovative computer design
accounts for another 25% annual growth rate  a factor
of 15 in performance gains!(fig1.1)
– Three different computing markets (fig. 1.3):
» Desktop Computing –- driven by price-performance (a
few hundreds through over 10K);
» Servers – availability driven (distinguished from
reliability), providing sustained high performance
(fig. 1.2)
» Embedded Computers – fastest growing portion of the
computer market, real-time performance driven, and
need to minimize memory and power, as well as ASIC
Slide 3
Motivations and Introduction
Present (State of the art):
– The Task of the Computer Designer (Fig. 1.4):
» Instruction Set Architecture (Traditional view of
what Computer Architecture is), the boundary between
software and hardware;
» Organization, high-level aspects of a computer’s
design, such as the memory system, the bus structure,
the internal design of CPU, based on a given
instruction set architectrue;
» Hardware, the specifics of a machine, including the
detailed logic design and the packaging technology of
the machine.
Slide 4