Transcript (07)

Scientific English Writing
Section VII
The relative clause
Ⅰ . Connectives
that
which
1. Relative pronoun
who( whom)
whose
that
as
but
※＝
which + not
who
 There is no complicated problems but can be solved in
a few hours.
英语中没有无例外的规则。
There is no rule in English but has exceptions.

There was no single movement of hers but was
beautiful.
2. Relative adverbs
mathematical expressions,equations, formulas,
“这里”，“式中”
place, extent, degree, point, case, situation ···
when
wherein = in which
whereby = by which
whereon = on which
whence = from which (comes)
where
 可以使用小型计算机的场合似乎是无止境的。
The places where small computers can be used appear
endless.
 我们必须懂得这里使用该电路的原因。
We must understand the reason why this circuit is used
here.
Electromagnetic induction is the means whereby nearly all
the world’s electric power is produced.
The relative clause
Ⅱ . The correct choice of the preposition before
“which”
1. “ of which” as adverbial in the sub-clause
consist of
capable of
be composed of
descriptive of
be made of
be +
representative of
be made up of
characteristic of
be constructed of
symptomatic of
Specific diseases of which these abnormal muscle
contractions are symptomatic will be discussed later.

构成水的两种元素是气体氧和氢。
The two elements of which water is made are the gases
oxygen and hydrogen.

这是该晶体管所能给出的最大放大量。
This is the maximum amount of amplification of which
the transistor is capable.
2. “ of which” as attributive in the sub-clause

我们能够找到几个条件，其中只有两个是必要条件。
We can find a few conditions only two of which are
necessary.
※※
其每一点的 Y 坐标均为零的曲线就是 X 轴。
The curve the Y-coordinate of every point on which is
zero is just the x-axis.
3. other prepositions + which

这取决于电流流动的容易程度。
This depends on the ease with which a current flows.

这是能量守恒定律适用的一个过程。
This is a process to which conservation of energy law
applies.

铁是我们最熟悉的金属之一。
Iron is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.

必须确定人眼最敏感的波长。
It is necessary to determine the wave length to which the
eye is most sensitive.
Ⅲ . None-restrictive relative clauses
some commonly used patterns:
in which case …
at which time
··· (main clause),
for which reason =because of which
from which
as a result of which

I1 远大于I2 ，在这种情况下，I2 可以忽略不计。（neglect)
I1 is much greater than I2 , in which case I2 can be
neglected.
A beam of white light is separated into beams of various
colors, from which we conclude that white light is
actually a mixture of light of these different colors.

有些物质的电阻很高，因此可以用作为绝缘体来防止漏电。
Some materials have a very high resistance, because of
which they can be used as insulators to prevent the
leakage of current.
Ⅳ. other special connectives
1. As
（1）
“正如 ··· 那样”
“这一点”

As we stated earlier, matrices can be used to solve
systems of equations.

Transistors are small and efficient, as is well known
to us.
shows
“顾名思义”
as the name
indicates
implies
suggests
（2）

such
… as …
the same
我们用来测量电流的这类仪表称为电流表。
Such meters as we use to measure current are called
ammeters.
2. since

自从本书首次出版以来的这十年间，电子工业已发生了巨
大变化。
During the ten years since this book was first published,
significant changes have been seen in electronics
industry.
Subjunctive mood
Ⅰ . The conditional subjective mood

人类如能把太阳光全部利用起来，那么就不需要煤和其他
燃料了。
If man made use of all the sunlight, he would have no
need for coal or other fuels.

如果当时采用了这种方法，就会节省好多时间。
If this method had been adopted at that time, much time
would have been saved.
※※ A pattern
(subclause)if …

should
…,…
万一，一旦，如果
were to
一旦这些轰炸机遇到这样的空防系统的话，其后果会是致命的。
Should these bombers encounter such an air-defense
system, the results could be fatal.
Ⅱ. Subjunctive mood in nominal clauses
Blank filling:
1. They consider it necessary that this point _____(ground).
2. It is of paramount importance that correct measurement
______(carry) out at every step.
3. Their suggestion is that the water level ____(raise).
4. Long long ago, a scientist suggested that the earth
____(be) round.
Ⅱ. Subjunctive mood in some adverbial clause
as if (as though)
whether (omitted) … or
+ v.( base form)
lest

当时看起来那个题的答案好像是错的
At that time it looked as if the answer to that problem
had been wrong.

任何物质，无论是空气、木头还是水，都具有重量。
Any matter, be it air, wood or water, has weight.

应该把电池放在干燥的地方以免走电。
Batteries should be kept in dry place lest electricity leak
away.
Assignment:
P.69 Ⅱ . 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 18
Ⅲ.
P.77
Ⅱ . 1, 3, 4, 6, 9
Ⅲ.