Transcript Strong Acid
Chapter 8.3 and 8.4 Acids and Bases Acids Produce hydronium ions (H3O+) or H+ ions Properties sour taste electrolytes corrosive (reactivity w/ metals) reacts w/ indicators Used to make fertilizers Common acids Sulfuric H2SO4 Phosphoric H3PO4 Nitric HNO3 Hydrochloric HCl Carbonic H2CO3 Acetic CH3COOH Little Johnny was a scientist; Acids A scientist he is no more. For what he thought was H20 Was really H2SO4! Acids ionize in solution Red litmus paper stays red Blue litmus paper turns red “Blue to Red=Acid” Acids are defined as proton donors Acids Dehydrating agent – removes water (common is sulfuric acid) Pickling process – removes oxides & other impurities from metal surfaces (common is HCl) Bases Produce hydroxide ions (OH-) Properties most crystalline solids Slippery, bitter taste corrosive electrolytes reacts w/ indicators Used to make fertilizers Common Bases Aluminum Hydroxide Al(OH)3 Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH Ammonia NH3 Bases (aka: alkaline) Bases dissociate in solution Red litmus paper turns blue Blue litmus paper stays blue Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in a base Bases are defined as proton acceptors pH the Measure of the amount of H3O+ ion Star Questions Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink in a Base Symbol for Hydronium ion H3O+ What ionizes in solution? acids Strong versus Weak Strong Acid ionize almost completely pH range of 0—3 Weak Acid ionize only slightly pH range of 3.0—6.99999 Strong versus Weak Strong Base dissociate almost completely pH range of 11—14 Weak Base dissociate only slightly pH range of 7.1—11 Neutralization Reactions Reaction between acids & bases Products are a salt & water Acid + Base Salt + Water HCl + NaOHNaCl + H2O *Double replacement reaction Neutralization Reactions Salts are formed between an element in group 1A & 7A Salts are formed between a metal & a polyatomic ion Common Salts Sodium chloride Sodium Carbonate Potassium Chloride Potassium Iodide Calcium Carbonate NaCl Na2CO3 KCl KI CaCO3 Soaps, Detergents, Ester Soaps – made of fatty acid and inorganic base, Saponification is the process of making soap Detergent – organic salts, does not form scum in hard water (hard water contains Ca, Mg, and Fe) Ester – organic compound formed by the reaction of an organic acid w/ an alcohol, responsible for odors & flavors Star questions Explain difference btw strong and weak ACID Strong-ionizes almost completely, weak ionizes only partially Name 1 way salts are formed Either with a metal & a polyatomic ion or btw elements in group 1A & 7A Saponification? What is Process of making soap