Transcript Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases
Unit 13
Acids

1) Acids start with hydrogen, and some react
with active metals to liberate hydrogen gas.
Ba(s) + H2SO4(aq)
BaSO4 (aq) + H2(g)
Properties of Acids
2) Acids change the color of
dyes known as “acid-base
indicators”
 Acids turn litmus paper
turns red.
Properties of Acids
1)
Acids have a sour taste.
Properties of Acids
4)
Acids react with bases to
produce salt and water.
This is a neutralization
reaction.
Mg(OH)2 + HCl --> MgCl2 + HOH
5) Acids conduct electrical currents in
an aqueous solution. Acids are
electrolytes.

6) Acids produce hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water.
Bases
1) End with (OH) hydroxide
2) Change the color of acidbase indicators
litmus paper: red  blue
3) Bases feel slippery.
Properties of Bases
4)
5)
Bases react with acid to
produce salt and water.
This is called
neutralization reaction.
Bases are electrolytes.
What?

Bases produce hydroxide
ions when dissolved in water.
6)
Names and Formulas of Acids
If acid is binary & ends with –ide:
1) hydro-(stem)-ic acid
If the acid is TERNARY: (no HYDRO!)
2) If anion ends with –ite: (stem)-ous acid
3) If anion ends with –ate: (stem)-ic acid
Names and Formulas of Acids
To write formulas for acid:
Balance the charges
(Use criss-cross method).
Practice
– A. H3PO4:_________________
– B. H2S:____________________
– A. Hydrobromic acid:_______________
– B. Nitrous acid:___________________
Names and Formulas of Bases
• 1. Bases are compounds that
produce hydroxide ions when
dissolved in water.-ALKALINE
• 2. Ionic compounds that are
bases are named like ionic
compounds
Naming Bases
Name metal then add hydroxide
 Base Examples
 Ca(OH)2:
 NaOH:

Write the formula from the name
for the following bases.

Aluminum hydroxide =

Ammonium Hydroxide =
Neutralization
Reactions
A
reaction between
traditional acids
(hydrodium ions) and
bases (hydroxide ions)
produces water and one
of a class of compounds
called salts
Acid Base Reactions



1. Salt- ionic compound composed of a
OH- from an Arrhenius base and an
H3O+ from an Arrhenius acid
2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2
Ca2+ (NO3-)2 + 2HOH
H2S + 2NaOH
Na2+ S2- + 2HOH
 Double Replacement
Uses of Common Acids
Sulfuric acid: H2SO4 is used in
car batteries, paper manufacturing
and many other manufacturing
processes.
Sulfuric acid is the
#1 industrial
chemical produced in the world.
Uses of Common Acids
Phosphoric acid: H3PO4.
Fertilizers and animal feed
Sour taste, not toxic
Flavoring agent: Coca Cola®
Cleaning agent
Manufacturing of detergents and
ceramics
Hydrochloric acid:HCl
 1. Stomach produces HCl to aid in digestion.
 2. In the industries, it’s used for “pickling”
iron and steel to remove impurities.
 3. General cleaning agent, used in food
processing, activation of oil wells, recovery of
magnesium from sea water and production of
other chemicals.
 4. Dilute HCl, commonly known as muriatic
acid, is used to correct acidity in swimming
pools and cleaning masonry.
 5. Used in toilet bowl cleaners
Acetic Acid: HC2H3O2
 1. Synthesizes chemicals used in making
plastics.
 2. Raw material in producing food
supplements- lysine, an essential amino acid
 3. Used as a fungicide
 4. White vinegar contains 4-8% acetic acid
 5. Used to produce food products such as
pickles
Acid Rain
• Normal rain pH of 5.3
•Acid rain pH of 4.2-4.4
Acid Rain
• Man-Made Causes
– Burning of fossil fuels
(coal production – yucky!)
–carbon dioxide + water =>
carbonic acid
4. Results of acid rainchanges ecosystems
•a) kills aquatic life
•b) deteriorates statues and
buildings and bridges
Traditional Acid
Definition: An Arrhenius
acid is a chemical compound
that increases the
concentration of hydrogen
ions, H+, in aqueous solution.
 HNO3 + H2O  H3O+ + NO3-
B. Acid- Base reactions- Arrhenius
(traditional) Acid – Base Reactions
• 1. An acid-base reaction occurs in
aqueous solution between a strong
Arrhenius acid that completely dissociates
to produce H3O+, and a strong Arrhenius
base that completely dissociates to
produce OH−
• HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
c. Their water solutions
are known as aqueous
acids. All pure aqueous
acids are electroytes.
HNO3(l) + H2O(l)
HCl(g) + H2O(l)
H3O+(aq) + NO3−(aq)
H3O+(aq) + Cl−(aq)
Traditional Bases
 Arrhenius base is a substance
that contains hydroxide ions
(OH ) and dissociates to
produce hydroxide ions (OH-)
into solutions
 NaOH(s)
Na+(aq) + OH−(aq)