Transcript ACID, BASES AND SALTS

Made by
SURESH KUMAR
KV AFS ARJANGARH, NEW DELHI-47
Characteristics Of Acids
 Acids are sour in taste.
 Acids turn blue litmus to red.
 Acid have no effect on red litmus .
 Examples of Acid- Hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid
Types of Acid
 Mineral acid- Acids which can be derived from
minerals of the earth crust.
Eg: Sulphuric acid, Nitric Acid, Hydrochloric acid
• Organic acid- Acids which can be derived from
Animals and Plants.
Eg: Acetic acid
• Natural acid- Acids which are present in the nature.
Eg: Citric Acid, Tartaric acid.
Characteristics of Bases
 Bases are bitter to taste
 Bases are soapy to touch.
 Bases turn Red litmus to blue.
 Bases have no effect on blue litmus.
Examples : Sodium hydroxide, Calcium hydroxide
Indicators
 Indicators- 1).Litmus(obtained from lichen)
2).Turmeric
3).China rose
4).Phenolphthalein
1).LITMUS- It has mauve(purple) colour in distilled
water. It turns red in acidic solution and turns blue in
basic solution. It is generally available as a strip of red
or blue litmus paper.
Indicators(contd…)
2).TURMERIC- The natural turmeric which is used for
cooking purpose, can be used as an acid-base
indicator. Turmeric turns red in basic solutions.
3).CHINA ROSE- Warm water added to China
rose(hibiscus) petals can be used as an indicator.
China rose indicator turns acidic solution to dark
pink(magenta) and turns basic solution to green.
Indicators(contd…)
PHENOLPHTHALEIN-It is an
indicator which is colourless in acid
and pink in base.
Neutralisation Reaction
The reaction between an acid and a base is known as
neutralisation. Salt and water are produced in this
process with the evolution of heat.
Acid
Eg - HCl
+
Base
+
NaOH
=
Salt + Water
(Heat is evolved)
=
NaCl
+ H2O
Neutralisation in everyday life
The various uses of neutralisation reactions in our
everyday life are:1). INDIGESTION-Sometimes the amount of HCl in
stomach increases which is called acidity. Milk of
magnesia is the base used to cure acidity.
2). ANT STING- It contains formic acid. It is injected
when ant bites and the effect can be neutralised by
rubbing moist baking soda or calamine lotion.
3). SOIL TREATMENT- Excess of fertilizers make soil
acidic which is harmful. Base like quick lime or slaked
lime can neutralise the soil.
RECAPTULATION
Q). Which acid is known as the “king of chemicals”?
Q). What is the common name of calcium hydroxide?
Q). What is the colour of base in methyl orange?
Q). Is coffee acidic or basic in nature?
Q). What is the difference between acids and base?
THANK YOU