Transcript Lecture 2

INFSCI 0010
2015 Summer Term
LEC2.ppt
Becoming Skilled at Information
Technology
IS 0010 - Summer 2015
Tentative Schedule
Week of
(Monday)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11-May
18-May
25-May
28-Jan
1-Jun
8-Jun
15-Jun
22-Jun
29-Jun
6-Jul
13-Jul
20-Jul
27-Jul
x
x
Introduction
CH 1
Information Technology
Memorial Day (no classes)
CH 2
Human-Computer Interface
CH 3
Newtorking
CH 4
HTML
Computers
Final work due
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Memorial Day
• No class next week, May 25  Memorial Day holiday
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Current assignment summary
• Bring an INFSCI article to each class
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Due: each class … (ref LEC1)
• Start reading the text
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Due: before the exam … (ref LEC1)
• Watch “Code Wars” video
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http://www.cnbc.com/id/42210831
Due: before the exam … (ref LEC1)
• Exam questions assignment
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Due: one week before the exam … (ref LEC2)
• Bring in extra Net Neutrality articles
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Due: class after Memorial Day break, in two weeks on 7/1/2015 … (ref LEC2)
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Textbook reading
• Textbook: Fluency with Information
Technology, 6th Edition, by Lawrence
Snyder
• Start reading chapter 1
• Continue reading: read ch 2,3,4 +++ (TBA)
• Due: finish reading before the exam
• The reading list will be updated during the
term
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New Assignment
• Read text Chapter 1 and create 6 “exam questions”
– 2 fill in the blank
– 2 true/false
– 2 multiple choice
• Do the same for current reading chapters 1,2,3,4 ++ etc.
• Create 1 short essay style discussion question that can be
from any of the chapters or from the class lectures. Note:
You do not need to do this for each chapter, just make only
1 question from any chapter or lecture.
• Answer each question within the question. For example, if it
is fill in the blank, then fill in the blank with the answer.
• Do this for each assigned reading chapter. Keep everything
together in a word processing file and turn in a hardcopy
printout of your questions one week before the exam.
• Do a professional job
• Due date: Hand in a hardcopy printout of your computer
printout with chapter questions one week before the exam
Exam question goals
• Develop fluency with a word processor
• Review chapter material
• How to study for the exam. What will exam
questions be like?
• Not a difficult assignment – use extra time
to develop fluency skills …
• Some of your questions will be included on
the exam.
Assignment: Net Neutrality articles
(new assignment)
Net neutrality article assignment:
Bring in two or more articles related to net neutrality. Select articles that:
(1) Define net neutrality.
(2) Include articles that describe key current and future events relative to the topic.
(3) Include articles that discuss the pros/cons and different viewpoints on the topic.
(4) Underline the parts of the articles that are applicable, you do not need to add any written
commentary (but you can if you want to).
(5) Write NET NEUTRALITY on the top of the page
Notes:
(1) Staple your net neutrality articles together, but do not staple them to your regular weekly article.
(2) You will be given a “check mark” for completing this assignment.
(3) Submit this assignment in class in two weeks. Do not submit via email.
(4) Make a duplicate copy of your work to keep for yourself.
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Pitt Software
• Check for available Pitt student software
• Pitt software
– Microsoft package
• Computer labs
•
http://www.technology.pitt.edu/software.html
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Box for Pitt
• Pitt offers a free box account
• Store your files on Box for Pitt?
•
http://technology.pitt.edu/service/box-frequently-asked-questions
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Articles
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Verizon to acquire AOL
May 18,2015
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http://www.businessinsider.com/verizon-aol-and-facebook-instant-articles-content-isking-in-tech-again-2015-5
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How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong
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In Retrospect How the AOL-Time Warner Merger Went So Wrong – NY TIMES
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/business/media/11merger.html?pagewanted
=all
By TIM ARANGO Published: January 10, 2010
A decade ago, America Online merged with Time Warner in a deal valued at a stunning
$350 billion. It was then, and is now, the largest merger in American business history.
The Internet, it was believed, was soon to vaporize mainstream media business
models on the spot. America Online’s stock price made it worth twice as much as Time
Warner’s with less than half the cash flow.
When the deal was announced on Jan. 10, 2000, Stephen M. Case, a co-founder of
AOL, said, “This is a historic moment in which new media has truly come of age.” His
counterpart at Time Warner, the philosopher chief executive Gerald M. Levin, who was
fond of quoting the Bible and Camus, said the Internet had begun to “create
unprecedented and instantaneous access to every form of media and to unleash
immense possibilities for economic growth, human understanding and creative
expression.”
The trail of despair in subsequent years included countless job losses, the decimation
of retirement accounts, investigations by the Securities and Exchange Commission and
the Justice Department, and countless executive upheavals. Today, the combined
values of the companies, which have been separated, is about one-seventh of their
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worth on the day of the merger.
Telephone
mo_o_o_y
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Metadata
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One definition of metadata is information about other information. An
example of metadata is a card catalog in a library, giving information about
books.
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http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2013/08/22/214172709/how-a-look-atyour-gmail-reveals-the-power-of-metadata
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What is the difference between the Internet and the web?
•
http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/internet101/f/the_difference_between_internet_and_web.htm
• The Internet is named for "interconnection of computer networks". It
is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal,
business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads
and highways.
• The World Wide Web, or "Web" for short, is that large software
subset of the Internet dedicated to broadcasting HTML pages. The
Web is viewed by web browsers.
Chapter 1
• I have always wished for my computer to be as
easy to use as my telephone; my wish has come
true I can no longer figure out how to use my
telephone. BJARNE STROUP, 2011,
INVENTOR of C++
• It would appear that we has {as a society]
reached the limits of what it is possible to
achieve with computer technology, although one
should be careful with such statements as they
tend to sound pretty silly in five years. JOHN
VON NEUMANN, 1947, COMPUTER PIONEER
ARM processor chip
• ARM – Advanced RISC machine
• RISC – Reduced Instruction Set
Computing
• Computers are everywhere. Laptops,
tablets, smart phones, music players …
wireless mics, anti-lock brakes, TV
remotes, credit card readers, microwaves,
the WII, etc
• The iPhone has ARMs
Punched card
• A punched card (or punch card or Hollerith card or
IBM card), is a piece of stiff paper that contains digital
information represented by the presence or absence of
holes in predefined positions. Now almost an obsolete
recording medium, punched cards were widely used
throughout the 19th century for controlling textile looms
and in the late 19th and early 20th century for operating
fairground organs and related instruments. They were
used through the 20th century in unit record machines
for input, processing, and data storage. Early digital
computers used punched cards, often prepared using
keypunch machines, as the primary medium for input of
both computer programs and data. Some voting
machines use punched cards.
Jacquard loom
(ref: wiki)
• Punched cards were first used around 1725 by Basile
Bouchon and Jean-Baptiste Falcon (fr) as a more robust
form of the perforated paper rolls then in use for
controlling textile looms in France. This technique was
greatly improved by Joseph Marie Jacquard in his
Jacquard loom in 1801.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hq7jiN7mmnk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyhDkd8Iabs
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Hollerinth
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Herman Hollerinth is generally credited with the first “production” application
of digital information.
Hollerinth won a government contest to devise a way to speed up the
census process.
The 1880 census took 8 years to complete. The 1890 census using
Hollerinth punch cards took 1 year.
Hollerith’s cards were roughly the size of the paper money in circulation in
1890. That let him use existing currency drawers, bins, and boxes to
organize and process the 60 million census cards.
Reference: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/census-tabulator.html
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Information storage
• How do devices store information?
– Hollerith (1890 census)
– Paper tape
– Punch cards
– Magnetic tape
– Hard Disk
– Solid State Drive
– USB drive
– CD  random access
– Video Tape  sequential access
– Vinyl record
– CED?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitance_Electronic_Disc
(analog video disc)
Hollerith punch card
First “production” application of digital information? - 1890
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Paper tape
• Telegraphs once captured information as visible marks
on long paper strips that were decoded by a telegraph
operator. This later changed to perforations, which
machinery was able to make and read mechanically.
Early computers used paper tape I/O (Input/Output)
Magnetic tape
Audio Recording
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Betamax vs VHS
Format wars
• http://www.t3.com/features/betamax-to-blu-ray-famous-format-wars
Hard disk
• On each of the platters there is a thin layer of magnetic
film. Data storage on hard disks is very similar to that of
a cassette tape. Data is stored in many 1's and 0's.
These binary digits are arranged in different ways to
represent different characters. When these are read
back by the head the data is retrieved and processed.
• Voice-coil actuators use a solenoid to pull the heads
toward the centre of the platter.
Floppy Disk
• The design that became the popular 5¼
inch disk was inspired by the size of a
cocktail napkin. Because the drive could fit
in a PC, it revolutionized personal data
storage.
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Flash memory
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EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory)
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A flash drive is a storage device that uses flash memory. Flash memory is
non-volatile. It can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. Thus it
becomes a type of electrically erasable programmable read-only memory,
referred to as EEPROM. Flash drives (SSD Solid State Drive) are similar in
nature to conventional hard drives. They can replace these hard drives.
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Flash memory uses a method called tunneling to save and erase data. In
tunneling, a voltage is applied that causes electrons to be pushed and
trapped, creating a negative charge which remains, even when the power is
removed. The cell sensor inside the flash memory device controls and
monitors the tunneling process. If the charge flow is above the 50 percent
threshold, it has a value of 1. When the trapped charge is dropped below
the 50-percent threshold, the value changes to 0.
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Nothing moves mechanically in a flash drive
CDs - Bumps and pits – 1 and 0
• Digital recording
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Early Sound Recording
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Record grooves
• Analog recording
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Moore’s Law
• Original: The law is named after Intel cofounder Gordon E. Moore, who described
the trend in his 1965 paper. The paper
noted that number of components in
integrated circuits had doubled every year
from the invention of the integrated circuit
in 1958 until 1965
• Popular revised:"The number of transistors
on a chip will double every 18 months."
Analog
• Analog waves have three important characteristics. The
first is the height of the wave, called amplitude. The
second characteristic is the length of the wave, usually
expressed as the number of waves per second, or
frequency. The third characteristic is the phase, which
refers to the direction in which the wave begins.
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Note: wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency
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