Transcript The Periodic Table of Elements

The Periodic Table of
Elements
Metals, Nonmetals,
Metalloids and Noble Gases
Location of Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids and Nobel Gases
• Elements on the left and middle are METALS (except
Hydrogen)
• Elements on the right are NONMETALS
• METALLOIDS form the narrow stair-step area between
metals and nonmetals.
• The last group (18) to the right are NOBLE GASES
What are Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids and Nobel Gases?
• Metals: Good conductors of heat and
electrical current.
Most metals are solid at room
temperature.
(Exception is Mercury – Hg which is a liquid)
Chemists classify and define an element as a
metal based on its properties.
Physical Properties of Metals
Metals Physical Properties:
 Shininess
 Malleability
 Ductile
 Magnetism
 Conductivity
Physical Properties of Metals
Malleability: A material that can be
hammered or rolled into flat sheets and
other shapes.
Ex. Copper, Aluminum, Gold
Physical Properties of Metals
Ductile: A material that can be pulled out or
drawn into a long wire.
Ex. Copper, Aluminum
Physical Properties of Metals
 Conductivity: The ability of an object to transfer heat
or electricity to another object.
 Reactivity: The ease and speed with which an element
combines, or reacts, with other elements and
compounds.
Physical Properties of Metals
Corrosion: The gradual wearing away of a
metal element due to a chemical reaction.
** Remember – Reactivity of metals DECREASE
as you move from LEFT to RIGHT on the periodic
table **
Nonmetals
Nonmetal: An element that lacks most of the
properties of a metal.
• Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Physical Properties of Nonmetals:
 Dull
 Brittle
 Low Density
 Poor Conductors
 Good Insulators
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Dull: Not shiny.
Brittle: Not malleable or ductile.
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals have lower densities than metals.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity
and heat, therefor they are good insulators.
Metalloids
Metalloids: Have characteristics of both metals
and nonmetals.
Metalloids are all solid at room temperature.
Metalloids boarder between metals and
nonmetals.
Metalloids
 Brittle, hard and somewhat reactive
Ability to conduct electricity varies
Semiconductors: Substance that CAN conduct
electricity under some conditions but NOT under
other conditions.
Ex. Computer Chips, Transistors, Lasers
Noble Gases
Noble Gases: Elements located in Group 18.
• Nobel gases are unreactive and do not bond
with other atoms.
• All Nobel Gases have complete outer energy
levels.