Transcript changes introduced by akbar

CHANGES INTRODUCED
BY AKBAR IN JUDICIAL
SETUP
HE WAS MORE FARSIGHTED AND ORIGINAL
THAN HIS PREDECESSORS.HE POSSESSED
A LARGE MEASURE OF HUMANITY IN HIS
CHARACTER AND HATED PRIDE AND
ARROGANCE.
IN HIS DESIRE TO IMANCIPATE FROM THE
THRALDOM OF THE RELIGION OF A
MINORITY AND EXTRICATE HER FROM THE
CLAMPS OF THEOCRACY REPEALED THE
ISLAMIC LAW CONCERNING NON- MUSLIMS.
IN 1562, AKBAR REPEALED THE LAW IN RESPECT OF CONVERTING
THE PRISONERS OF WAR AND THOSE OF THEIR FAMILIES INTO
SLAVES AND MUSLIMS.
IN 1563, HE ABOLISHED THE PILGRIM TAX PAID BY THE NONMUSLIMS AND IN THE FOLLOWING YEAR THE JIZYA TAX.ALL THE
OTHER ISLAMIC LAWS ,WHICH IMPOSED SOCIAL,RELIGIOUS AND
LEGAL DISABILITIESON THE HINDUS,WERE REPEALED ONE AFTER
THE OTHER.
HE DESIRE TO FUSE TOGETHER THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF HIS
SUBJECTS BY BONDS OF A COMMON CITIZENSHIP AND TO
ESTABLISH A SECULAR STATE.THEREFORE HE ACCORDED
RECOGNITION TO ALL RELIGIONS EXISTING IN THE LAND TO CARRY
ON LIMITED RELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA AND PROSELYTISM.
BY AN ORDINANCE ,HE PERMITTED THE BUILDING OF TEMPLES AND
OTHER RELIGIOUS STRUCTURES
BY ANOTHER ORDINANCE(1580),THE HINDUS WHO WERE FORCIBLY
IN TO ISLAM WERE RERMITTED TO REVERT TO THE RELIGION OF
THEIR FOREFATHERS .THIS FACILITY WAS EXTENDED TO HINDU
WOMEN WHO WERE FORCIBLY MARRIED TO THE MUSLIMS.
A FAR MORE REVOLUTIONARY EVIDENCE LED TO THE
REPEAL OF THE LAW IMPOSING PUNISHMENT OF DEATH FOR
CRITISING THE RELIGION OF ISLAM OR THE CONDUCT OF
PROPHET MOHAMMED.
HE ALSO AMMENDED THE PERSONAL LAW OF THE MUSLIMS
AND THE HINDUS.HE INTRODUCED VITAL ARRANGEMENTS
RELATING TO MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE.
HE ORDERED THE MUSLIM MEN COULD MARRY THE SECOND
WIFE ONLY IF THE FIRST ONE WAS BARREN.A MUSLIM
WOMEN WAS NOT ALLOWED TO REMARRY IF SHE CEASED
TO HAVE MENSES.
SIMILARLY THE MARRAIGES BETWEEN THE COUSINS AND
THE NEAR RELATIVES WERE FORBIDDEN.
HE FIXED THE MARRAIGABLE AGE FOR BOYS AND GIRLS AT16
AND 14 RESPECTIVELY.
PROHIBITION WAS IMPOSED ON THE OBSERVANCE OF THE
RISE OF SUNNAT OR CIRCUMCISION BEFORE THE AGE OF 12
AND EVEN THEN LEFT IT TO THE OPTION OF THE BOY.THESE
LAWS WERE ENFORCED BY THE KOTWALS IN THE CITIES.
THE MARRIAGE LAWS WERE MADE APPLICABLE TO THE
HINDUS AS WELL.HINDU WOMEN IF SO DESIRER, WERE
PERMITTED TO REMARRY AND VOLUNTARY SATI
OBSERVANCE WAS ALLOWED.
HE REMOVED ALL LEGAL DISABILITIES IMPOSED ON THE
HINDUS AND EXTENDED THE SCOPE OF THE COMMON LAW
BY PRESCRIBING UNIFORM RATES OF LAND REVENUE AND
OTHER TAXES.
CORRESPONDLY ,THE SCOPE OF THE MUSLIM
JURISPRUDENCE BEGAN TO SHRINK PAVING THE WAY FOR
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON LEGAL SYSTEM.
MANY OF THESE REFORMS DID NOT SURVIVE
AKBAR.
HIS SON REVOKED THE AMENDMENTS RELATING
TO THE PERSONAL LAW OF THE
MUSLIMS.SHAHJAHAN WITHDREW PERMISSION
FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW TEMPLES AND
REPAIRING OF THE OLDER ONES.
AURANGZEB WHO WAS INTERESTED IN MAKING
THE EMPIRE AN ISLAMIC STATE RESTORED THE
SUPREMACY OF SHAR LAW.
BY THE TIME WE COME TO THE END OF THE
MUGHAL RULE ALL THE LAWS THAT WERE IN
OPERATION PRIOR TO THE REFORMS OF AKBAR
HAD BEEN RESTORED.