Transcript Imperialism in India - ripkensworldhistory2

The
Colonial System
Africa, Southeast Asia,
India, and China
The Colonial System
• The purpose:
– Exploit the natural resources of subjected areas
– Open up markets for manufactured goods and capital
investment from the mother country
– Prestige of the mother country in comparison to their
European counterparts
Direct and Indirect Rule
Direct Rule
• Used in locations that
actively resisted
European influence or
were decentralized.
Indirect Rule
• Used in locations with
stronger central
authorities willing to trade
and work with the
European power.
– China, Burma, and
Vietnam and the African
Muslim states in N. Nigeria
and Morocco
– Parts of Africa, India Subcontinent, and Malay
peninsula
– Commonly used by the
French and Belgians
– More common; especially
by British
“Might makes Right”
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Eurocentric attitude
Responsibility to imperialize, democratize a Christianize the world - Paternalism
“Civilizing Missions”
Attitude gained support pseudoscientific validity of social Darwinism
–
Survival of the Fittest
Example: The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling
And
sometimes
it is just
WRONG!
Assimilation/ Association
• Assimilation – implied an effort to
transform colonial societies in the Western
image.
• Association – implying collaboration with
local elites while leaving local traditions
alone.
Imperialism in India
Maurya Empire
• This dynasty forced Alexander’s
successors to withdraw from
India
• Asoka Greatest Emperor to rule
India
• Enlarged Empire
• Converted to Buddhism
• His death 232 B.C.
• When the Republic of India was
established in 1950, its flag
exhibited Asoka’s “Wheel of
Law” in the center.
Gupta Empire 326-500 A.D
• Begins as small kingdom on
the Ganges plain
• Enlarged to include Northern
India
• Ruled according to Buddhist
beliefs
• Art, literature, science, industry
flourish
• Arabic numerals were invented
• Arabs merely introduced
numbers to the West
• Indians also invented the zero
and decimal system
• Known for dyes, chemistry,
rust proof iron and fixed writing
i.e. Sanskrit.
• Trade relations develop with
other nations like Rome (short
in length)
• Disrupted 500 A.D
STOP
WHAT ABOUT
EUROPE?
Europe
• Divided into small warring kingdoms
• India far more advance
• Of all cultures on earth civility would not be
used to describe Northern Europeans
• Much of what we will know about science
and technology was passed through the
Arab empires to Northern Europe
• Even language is similar
Imperial
India
East India Company
1700s English EIC successfully promoted a monopoly
Sold cotton, silk, sugar, and jute (cash crops)
To maintain profits EIC got involved in politics and military of India
IEC Con’t
• Practice Commercial
Colonialism – it controlled
India’s foreign trade and
used its army to keep
friendly officials in power.
• Created an army of
SEPOYS – Indian soldiers
who served in European
armies
SEPOY REBELLION
• Rumors of bullet cartridges used by Sepoy
greased with beef or pork fat
• Angered Hindus and Muslims respectfully
(Muslims will not eat cleft
hoofed animals)
Cause and Effect
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Causes
Christianity
Threat to power
Hardships in Life
Hierarchy
Effect
*EIC loses control over India
• British Government takes
over colonial rule
• British Army used to
suppress uprising
• Queen becomes
Empress of India
• “India is the Jewel of the
British Crown.”
Impact of British Rule
• Economically India was tied with Britain
used for raw materials and markets
• Cash Crops verses Food Crops
• Starvation verses Population Increase
• Infrastructure
• Education verses Tradition
Nationalism
• Periodic uprising does not threaten British
control
• 1885 Indian Middle calls for political party :
Indian National Congress.
• 1900s - movement towards independence
• Mohandas Gandhi – used peace to establish
independence, unites Hindu population but
British not threaten due to the divide among
the Hindu and Muslim religious groups.
Hindu Religion
How is Hinduism different from other
faiths?
Hinduism has no founder, single teacher
nor any prophets. Hinduism is not a Single
Religion. Hinduism is the practices of a
variety of different religious groups which
come out of India.
What do Hindus believe?
For many Hindus, religion is a matter of
practice rather than of beliefs. It's more
what you do, than what you believe.
Hindus believe in a universal soul or God
called Brahman. Brahman takes on many
forms that some Hindus worship as gods
or goddesses in their own right. Hindus
believe that there is a part of Brahman in
everyone and this is called the Atman.
Hindus believe that existence is a cycle
of birth, death, and rebirth, governed by
Karma. Hindus aim to live in a way that
will cause each of their lives to be better
than the life before.
Caste System
Compliance with the rules of the caste
system
The caste system is the way society is divided
into different groups. Each group has rules of
conduct to be obeyed. Caste is a matter of birth.
You cannot apply to become a member of
another caste and a change of job won't affect it.
Change can only come about by re birth and the
caste into which you are born depends on the
acts committed in your previous life ( Karma).
Muslim Religion
• A Muslim (Arabic: ‫ )مسلم‬is an adherent of Islam.
Literally, the word means someone who has
submitted/surrendered himself or herself to the
will of God.
• Most Muslims accept as a fellow Muslim anyone
who has sincerely pronounced the Shahada, a
ritual declaration of submission to God and
assertion that Muhammad is the last prophet.
Muslims describe many Biblical figures, such as
Musa (Moses) and Isa (Jesus), as Muslims
because they submitted completely to God.
Images of India