Transcript Sub-Saharan Africa

1000 B.C.E.-500 C.E.
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Stateless Societies
Family/Kin based
Rise of Monarchies
Rise of Nok Civilization in Western
Africa
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Africa -> Agricultural in general
Trade within Africa was common
Nok people
 Agriculturalists/ Pastoralists
 Iron work -> tools and weapons
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Spread of Bantu culture
Bantu were people from modern day
Nigeria and Camroon
 spread of iron-working across Africa
 Spread of Bantu language which split 500
different African languages
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No major religion
Animistic
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Bantu culture spreads across Africa
Trade among the separate tribes was
common
500 – 1450 c.e.
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Kingdom of Ghana rises in power (300-1000
c.e.)
Much of Africa still stateless societies
Sudanic States had a patriarch or a council
of elders from a certain lineage lead them
Malinke people from between Senegal and
Niger rivers separated from Ghana and
formed the Empire of Mali
(1200-1300) Rise of Mali
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Sundaita (the Lion Prince) is said to have
created the outline of government and
society in Mali and created a unified state
His successors expanded Mali outward
towards the Atlantic coast
Mansa Musa:
takes a pilgrimage to Mecca
 Brings back an architect from Muslim Spain
 Expands Islam in Africa
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Many places still animistic
Spread of Islam in Africa
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Mansa Musa causes spread around Mali
Trade spreads Islam along the Eastern Coast
Spread causes a blend of Islamic and
African culture
Christianity had not spread to sub-Saharan
Africa yet
The people beyond the Eastern Coast were
still animistic
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Towns like Jenne and Timbuktu had
scholars, craft specialists and foriegn
merchants
Mali’s population was agriculturalist
The Eastern (Swahili) Coast boomed with
trade with S. W. Asia, India, China
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Islamic influence caused a blend of African
and Islamic culture along the Swahili coast
The rulers and merchants had a more
Islamic culture
The common people had a more African
culture
The Arabic language was used and blended
with Bantu to make the Swahili language
The Bantu had fully migrated throughout
sub-Saharan Africa
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Trade w/ S. W. Asia brought in Islam
Trade w/ rest of Asia brought
commercial goods
Bantu migrations caused more kingdoms
to form in southern Africa
1450 - 1750
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Portuguese start trading along the coasts
Gold
 Salt
 Ivory
 Slaves
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The Dutch, British, and French get involved
in slave trade
Africa received goods and gave slaves in the
Triangular Trade
South Africa has Boers (Dutch farmers)
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Plantations worked by slaves
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The missionaries followed the traders’
path to gain Christian converts
Muslim reform movements-1770’s
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West and Central Africa consisted of
small states
War was common
 prisoners of war were traded for weapons
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The states closest to the coast had most
power
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b/c they had European weaponry
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Europeans were incorporated into African art
work
Nzinga Mvemba tried to Europeanize his
kingdom
The Europeans didn’t change much of Africa's
culture
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Africa becomes the world’s source of
Slaves
S. W. Asia take women and children
 European’s take men (and later women) to
work the plantations
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Slaves are traded for guns which are
used to get more slaves
1750 - 1914
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Africa -> Tropical dependency
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Small group of Europeans rule large group
of natives
Europeans believed the Africans were
not fit to rule themselves
French Revolution shook control in some parts
of Africa
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Used for goods during industrial
revolution
Not many consumers
South Africa gold dispute
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Britain fought the boers for land in South
Africa containing gold
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People were getting categorized into
“tribes”
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Labeled the Africans as backwards and tribal
Racial views decreased education in
Africa
Colonizer was considered greater than
the colonized
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Christianity got better hold under
European control
Religion became a reason for imperialism
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Africa came under European control
Primarily used by Europe for resources
Christianity gains ground in Africa
1914 - Present
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Berlin Conference split up control of
Africa
The new borders put warring groups of
people together
Africans began rebelling European
control
Borders of independent Africa contained
rival tribes
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Led to civil wars
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Resources used up by Europe
Recourses for military more than for
education and hospitals
Population too high for economy to
support
Economic problems led to civil wars
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Diseases
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Diverse influence in African architecture
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Aids
HIV
Baroque
Gujarati
Turkish
Symmetrical masks, statues popular
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Africa obtained many religions
Christianity
 Islam
 Judaism
And had many of its own indigenous religions
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Africa broke free from European control
United Nations sets standards for basic
human rights