Transcript Chapter 11 Notes

Chapter 11 Notes
The Muslim World
Section 1
Rise of Islam
The Prophet Muhammad
Muhammad’s Vision
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Born in Mecca around 570
Married Khadija at 25 years old
Troubled by moral woes of society and idolatry
Heard voice of angel Gabriel when meditating in
desert calling him to be the messenger of God
– Urged Arabs to give up false gods and submit to one
true God
– Islam means “submission”
– Allah means “god” in Arabic
The Prophet Muhammad
The Hijra: A Turning Point
– When Muhammad fled
Mecca his journey was
called the hijra – Renamed the city of Yathrib
to Medina, or “city of
Prophet”
– AD 622 is the first year of
Muslim calendar
– Was welcomed by Muslim
converts as prophet and
ruler; they rallied their
armies around him
– They attacked Mecca and
destroyed the idols in the
Kaaba
– Died in 632
Teachings of Islam
Monotheistic –
Quran
– Sacred text of Islam
– Teaches that God is all-powerful
and compassionate
– People are responsible for their
actions, and face a final judgment
Five Pillars
– There is no god but God,
Muhammad is the messenger of
God
– Daily prayer; face the city of
Mecca mosques –
– Giving charity to the poor
– Fasting from sunrise to sunset
during holy month of Ramadan
– Hajj –
were told to do once in their
lifetime
Jihad -
Teachings of Islam
The Quran
– Final authority on all matters; is the direct,
unchangeable word of God
– Meaning and beauty reside in original
language, Arabic
“People of the Book”
– Spiritually superior to polytheistic idol
worshipers
A Way of Life
- Islamic law governs aspect of daily life,
ethical behavior, family relations
Sharia
– Islamic system of law that regulates moral
conduct, family life, business, and
government
– No separation of religious matters and
criminal or civil law
Impact of Islam on Women
Muslims in India
Muslims and Hindus
– Hindu-Muslim Differences
Hindus had many sacred texts and gods; Islam
had one sacred text and God
Hindus had caste status with priests at top; Islam
teaches equality among believers
Hindus celebrate religious occasions with song
and dance; Islam strictly condemned
– Sikhism
Indian holy man named, Nanak, sought to blend
Islamic and Hindu beliefs.