Islam - Nutley Public Schools
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Transcript Islam - Nutley Public Schools
Islam
Rise of Islam
Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula
The region was an important crossroad for
trade
The two leading towns were Mecca &
Yathrib(Medina)
Islam means submission
A Muslim is a person who submits to God
Muhammad
Born in Mecca around
570
Orphaned as a child &
raised by his uncle
At 25 he married
Khadija who recognized
his spiritual qualities
She encouraged him to
spend time praying and
fasting
Muhammad
During a retreat he heard the voice of
Gabriel ordering him to “proclaim”
As God’s prophet he began to spread
the message of one God
Won over very few converts
The Hejira
After his wife’s death he was forced to
leave Mecca
Moved to Yathrib or Medina (city of the
prophet)
Became known as the hejira or the
beginning of the spread of Islam
His followers proclaimed it the first year of
the Muslim calendar
Five Pillars
1. Believe in one God
2. Pray 5 times a day
3. Charity to the poor and aged
4. Fasting during the month of
Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca or hajj
The Koran
Sacred book of
Islam
Authority on all
subjects
Religion, politics, law
and social life
Mosque
Muslim house of
worship
The Kaaba
Ancient shrine
Muslims believe was
built by the Prophet
Abraham
The Spread of Islam
After Muhammad’s
death Islam quickly
spread
By 732 the Arab
Empire included
Persia, Arabia,
Palestine, Egypt,
North Africa, and
Spain
Reasons for Success
Arab armies were united by their beliefs
Warriors who died in service of Islam won
a place in paradise
Riches to be during conquest of lands
Jihad also motivated soldiers
Protecting the religion- holy lands or
people
Divisions
After Muhammad’s death
Dispute over who should become
successor to the prophet or Caliph
Sunni- leader should be elected from
those capable of the job
Shiites- leader should stay within the
prophets family