Transcript UNIT-1B-ETHNIC-AND-RELIGIOUS-GROUPS-PPT

SS7G8 The student will describe
the diverse cultures of the people
who live in Southwest Asia (Middle
East).
A. Explain the differences between
an ethnic group and a religious
group.
Unit Focus
►Events
that happened leading up to the
21st century in SW Asia have changed or
affected the people who live there.
◦ Ethnic Groups were affected
◦ Religious Groups were affected
◦ National boundaries were changed
◦ Conflicts between people groups have
and still are taking place in the Middle
East as a result of these changes.
The People of the Middle East
SS7G8 The student will describe the diverse cultures of the
people who live in Southwest Asia (Middle East).
a. Explain the differences between an ethnic group and a
religious group.
b. Explain the diversity of religions within the Arabs,
Persians, and Kurds.
c. Compare and contrast the prominent religions in
Southwest Asia (Middle East): Judaism, Islam, and
Christianity.
d. Explain the reason for the division between Sunni and
Shia Muslims.
Vocabulary of the Standard
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Diverse- many different kinds of
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Culture- the way of life for a group of people
•
Ethnic Group- group of people with SIMILAR distinctive
characteristics such as
• language, ancestry, culture, national origin,
shared history, beliefs, traditions
• These similarities have existed for generations
• WE ARE BORN INTO OUR ETHNIC GROUP
Religious Group- group of people who share the same
belief in a god or gods
 WE ARE NOT BORN INTO OUR RELIGIOUS GROUPWE CAN CHANGE RELIGIONS IF WE CHOOSE TO
DO SO.
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Arabs
Kurds
Persians
(Iranians)
Can you describe the location of the Persians,
Kurds, and Arabs?
PERSIANS
ARABS
KURDS
Majority ethnic group in the Middle
East in almost every country except:
Israel, Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan.
Arabs
Found mostly in Iran;
also called Iranians
Persians
Kurds
Found in mountains of S.E.Turkey, northern Iran,
Northern Iraq, and northern Syria
What makes them a ‘group’?
 Arabs-
share a history of
descending from Abraham; speak
Arabic
 Persians- share a history of
descending from the Persian
Empire; speak Farsi
 Kurds- share a history of being a
people without a nation
(Kurdistan); speak Kurdish
The Religious Diversity within Ethnic Groups
 Arabs- the major ethnic group of the
region
◦ 93% of all Arabs are Muslim
◦ BUT NOT ALL ARABS ARE MUSLIM!
 Most Arabs are Sunni Muslim
 7% of Arabs are not Muslim
 Persians
◦ Also called Iranians- their
◦ Country borders the PERSIAN GULF!
 Almost all Persians/Iranians are
Muslim
Most Persian Muslims are Shi’a
Muslim
Minority are Sunni Muslim
 Only 4% of the Persian population are not
Muslim
Kurds- live mostly in northern Iraq, Iran,
Syria and SE Turkey
 MOST KURDS are Sunni Muslim
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small number of Shi’a Muslim
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BUT NOT ALL KURDS ARE MUSLIM!
Judaism’s
Western Wall
Jerusalem contains very important
holy sites for all 3 religions
Religious Groups of the Middle East
◦ Monotheism- a belief in only ONE
God began in SW Asia
◦ Christians, Jews, and Muslims are
all monotheistic religious groups
that began in the Middle East.
SS7G8.c
Compare And Contrast The Three Main Religions
The Abraham Connection: Judaism, Christianity, &
Islam
Abraham began
Judaism, the world’s
first
MONOTHEISTIC
RELIGION
God told Abraham
that he would be the
father of many
nations,
Sarah sent Hagar
and Ishmael away
Muhammad, the
founder of Islam, was
a descendant of
Ishmael
Sarah gave
Abraham a son,
named Isaac
Jesus, the founder of
Christianity, was a
descendant of Isaac
He was nearly 76 but
he had no children
with his wife Sarah
Sarah became
jealous
So, he had a son with
his 2nd wife, Hagar
His name was
Ishmael
Judaism, Christianity,
& Islam all began
because of Abraham
Timeline of EventsReligion in Middle East
622 AD/CE
Muhammad begins
Approximatedly1600 BC/BCE
Abraham begins Judaism
Islam
During Anno Domini (AD) after
the birth of Christ
Or
During the Common Era (CE)
33 AD/CE
Jesus’ death;
Christianity begins
Years before Christ (BC)
Or
Years before the ‘Common Era’ (BCE)
About Judaism
1st Monotheistic religion
in the world
 Over 4000 years old
 Started by Abraham and
his descendants.
 Worshiped a God
named Jehovah / Yahweh
 Symbol is the Star of
David
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Writings and literature
Torah – Name of
religious writing. It’s
the first 5 books of the
Bible.
 Synagogue/Temple –
Place of worship
 Rabbi – Religious
leaders
 Sabbath – Religious
observance day- All
day Saturday.
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What Jews Believe
 Believe
in one God, creator of the
universe
 Religious book is Torah
 1st 5 books of the bible
 Moses primary author
 Includes 10 commandments
Hebrew / Jewish History
12 tribes make up Hebrew
 Lived in Canaan modern Israel
 Forced into slavery by Egyptians
 Moses led them out of slavery
(called Exodus)
 Went back to Israel
 Called Jews after largest tribe
Judah
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Christianity
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Christianity followers of Jesus
began in Judea / Israel
Leader Jesus
Born a Jew at about 4 B.C.
Parents, Mary & Joseph,
Lived in Nazareth.
Christians call Mary the Virgin Mary.
Christians believe Jesus is the “Son of God”
 Many
believe Jesus’ birth fulfilled a
prophecy that a The Virgin Mary would
give birth to the Messiah
 Jesus began his ministry in Galilee, north
of Judea, when he was in his early 30’s.
 The Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and
John) contain stories about his birth in
the city of Bethlehem.
Life of Jesus
 Jesus attracted disciples / followers
 preached, performed miracles, &
criticizing the Jewish authorities.
 Jesus preached about the coming of
the Kingdom of God, meaning an
eternally just and peaceful state of
affairs.
 Kingdom of God = heaven
 Believed to be the “Son of God”
Followers of Christ
 Jesus’
disciples spread his teachings
throughout the Roman Empire
 organized churches.
 New religion open to all and not just
Jews
Judaism & Christianity
Judaism predates
Christianity – it is the
foundation of
Christianity but is not a
part of it
 Jesus and Apostles were
Jewish
 Jews believe Jesus was a
prophet but not Messiah
 Jews are not concerned
about salvation and the
“world to come”
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Writings of Christianity
Most early Christians
accepted the books of the
Jewish Bible as inspired by
God and made them part
of the Christian Bible.
 They also added their own
writings to the canon—
that is, the official list of
books of the Bible.
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Exit Questions
1. What do Christians believe Jesus is?
 2. What religion was Jesus?
 3. How old was Jesus when he started his
ministry?
 4. How did Jesus die?
 4. What happened to Jesus after his death
that made people believe he was the
Messiah?
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Exit Questions
1. What is monotheism?
 2. Who is responsible for starting the
Jewish religion?
 3. What is the Torah?
 4. When is the Sabbath?
 5. What are the 10 commandments?
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Origins of Islam
Story of Prophet Mohammed
He was born to Arab parents from the tribe of
Quraish, in Mecca.
 The Quraish worshiped 360 gods. They believed
these gods will get them closer to the God of
gods (Allah).
 His parents died very early.
 He never worshiped Idols, drank Alcohol or lied.
 He worked as a shepherd and then as a trader.
 Known to people in Mecca as “the Honest”.
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Story of Prophet Mohammed
Arab tribes had multiple wars with the
prophet and Muslims.
 Finally, victory was for Islam and Mecca
fell into the hands of the prophet.
 He forgave all his enemies and soon, his
followers became in hundreds of
thousands.
 He died at the age of 63.
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Allah
 Monotheistic
 Allah
is Arabic for God
 Used by Muslims
 Allah – the one God
Quran(Koran): The Holy Book
Muslim Holy Book
 Original intact as
given by the Prophet
in Arabic
 114 Chapters
 Teaches what a
Muslim must do as
followers
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5 Pillars of Islam
 Profession
of Faith
(Shahadah)
 Prayers (Salah)
 Charity (Zakat)
 Fasting ( Sawm)
 Pilgrimage (Hajj)
Profession of Faith (Shahadah)
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The Shahadah is the basic creed or tenet of
Islam:
"I testify that there is no god but Allah, and I
testify that Muhammad is the messenger of
Allah".
This is the most important pillar
Ideally, it is the first words a newborn will hear,
and children are taught as soon as they are able
to understand it and it will be recited when they
die.
Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer
Prayers (Salah)
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Five Daily Prayers
from Dawn to Late
Evening regulate a
Muslim’s day
Face Kabah, prayers
in Arabic as taught by
the Prophet.
Additional Prayers
optional
Charity (Zakat)
Required 2.5% charity on yearly savings
 A Muslim must be a charitable person
 Removing a stone from the road is charity
 Greeting with a smile is a charity
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Fasting (Sawm)
Ramadan is 9th month in Islamic Lunar
calendar
 Daily dawn to sunset fast for 29/30 days
(no food or drink)
 Done to show sacrifice Mohammad made
when he received his revelations
 Eidul-Fitr Holiday at the end
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Pilgrimage (Hajj)
About 2-3 million Muslims perform Hajj
each year from all over the world.
 Every Muslim at least once in their life
must make a pilgrimage to Mecca
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Exit Questions
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1. Who is the founder of Islam?
2. Where was he born?
3. What did he do when he captured
Mecca?
4. What is a Caliph?
5. What does Allah mean in Arabic?