Transcript Unit 7 - Congnition

Unit 7 Congnition
MODS 31-33
Memory Storage and Retrieval, Forgetting,
Memory Construction, and Memory Improvement
Memory
• Learning that has persisted over time; it is
information that has been acquired, stored, and
can be retrieved.
• Get information into out brain = encoding
• Retain that information = storage
• Get the information back out = retrieval
Atkinson and Shiffrin
• Sensory memory – we first record to-beremembered information
• Short-term memory – where we process information,
encode it through rehearsal
• Long-term memory – where information moves for
later retrieval
• Undated model includes working memory and
automatic processing
Encoding
• Explicit memories – the facts and experiences we
can consciously know and declare (declarative
memories)
• We encode explicit memories through conscious,
effortful processing
• Some information barges through straight to
storage – automatic processing, which happens
without our awareness, produces implicit memories
(nondeclarative memories)
Capacity
• Sensory – sensory register
o (iconic)1 sec
o (echoic) 4 sec
• Holding bin….STM…get rid of it
• STM - ~20 second max ~7 item (+/-2) (auditory) only
~ 3 items (visual)
Chunking and
Mnemonics
• Rehearse…chunking…1812 1914 1945
• Serial position effect (primacy and recency effect) The first item in a list is initially distinguished from
previous activities as important (primacy effect)
and may be transferred to long-term memory by
the time of recall. Items at the end of the list are still
in short-term memory (recency effect) at the time
of recall.
• mnemonic devices: acronym – HOMES, ROYGBIP,
PEMDAS
Method of Loci
• The method of loci (loci being Latin for "places") is a
method of memory enhancement which uses
visualizations with the use of spatial memory, familiar
information about one's environment, to quickly
and efficiently recall information.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woXs0a0hQKg
Memory Quirks
• TOT - Tip of the tongue https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T36I8Coiz64
• Déjà vu –
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ut8mYGi0YRs
• Flashbulb memories –
http://study.com/academy/lesson/flashbulbmemory-in-psychology-definition-examples.html
Inference Theory - PORN
• Proactive – previous material learned blocks the
ability to retrieve the newer material
• Retroactive – new material blocks the ability to
retrieve the older material
• P – proactive
• O – old
• R – retro
• N - new
Amnesia
• retrograde amnesia – memory loss of info acquired
before the trauma that cased the amnesia
• anterograde amnesia – memory loss of info
presented after the trauma
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ehtk3NfnX4A
Alzheimer's Disease
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_kO6c2NfmE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcbddBfoaG4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oTDhfo7kS6k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKBcE4KhFPc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bktozJWbLQg