Transcript Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Pages D36-D67
Prefixes: meanings
•ig= fire (igneous)
•sed= to sit (sedimentary)
• meta= to change
• Metamorphic
National Geographic
• Crystal Cave : long video
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0OLdSJ
mvcUs
Igneous Rocks D40-D45
• 1. mineral: natural, solid substance
that has definite chemical
composition and physical structure.
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always forms as a crystal
only 100 are common
make up most of Earth’s crust
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8a7p1N
Fn64s
Introduction
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnAF1
Opt8M overview of igneous rocks
• What are minerals?
• Bill Nye:
rockshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9X
v1DoqkARQ
Diamonds are a girls best
friend!
Identifying minerals
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Observe the properties:
hardness
color
crystal shape
color of streak test
density
Crown Jewels: English royalty
Worth a bit o’ money! 
Hope Diamond: Curses!
Devil’s Tower in Wyoming
This is where it begins…
Formation of Igneous Rocks
• 2. magma: rock melted within the
earth
• 3. Igneous rock: when magma is
pushed up from the mantle into the
cool crust and hardens into rock
Extrusive, intrusive…
Intrusive vs. extrusive
• Intrusive rock
*magma that hardens within earth’s crust
*pushes into the crust
*also called plutonic rock: (Greek) means
“Hades, the god of the underworld”
“Pluto” is the Roman underworld god
Look again..batholith, plutons…
Extrusive rock
• Hardens on Earth’s surface
• AKA volcanic rock
• 4… lava: magma that reaches the
surface
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EcfstbQ
yrzU&feature=related
• Use caution, Mrs. Beardslee!
• McGrath sent us this one:
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpz4fX
H7nuo&feature=em-share_video_user
• (underwater video of igneous formations)
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
• form underground and cool VERY slowly
• Plutons: underground structures
• Batholiths: Sierra Nevada Mts. and
Shiprock, New Mexico (cool picture on pg.
D42)
• Erosion allowed them to be exposed
One more time!!!
Extrusive I.R.
• * if crystals don’t have time to grow, they
are smaller (fine grained)
• Obsidian is a great example
• Pumice floats (full of holes!)
Big Obsideon Picture..really big
Uses for I.R.
• Buildings (Wall of China, Empire State..)
• Jewelry
• Weapons
• Granite is a huge example!
Pumice..notice the large air
holes
Pahoehoe
A’a (ouch!)
Great Wall of China..is in
China..made of granite..that is a
rock…duh!
Empire State Building..New
York City
Really not thinking straight…
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4b6n8ri
JaFo&feature=em-share_video_user
Sedimentary Rock D48-D53
• Forms from materials at Earth’s
surface
5. weathering: process of
breaking rock into smaller
pieces
Bill Nye:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=9Xv1DoqkARQ
Sedimentary rocks!!!
D49
• Weathering occurs because of flowing
water, wind, ice
• 6. Erosion: movement of sediments to
another place (scooted along)
• 7. deposition: dropping of sediments
from wind/water that slowed down
Wind erosion
The Grand Canyon from space
Underground “Grand Canyon”
• http://travel.yahoo.com/photos/in-pictures%C5%A1kocjan-caves-in-sloveniaslideshow/
Water erosion
D49
• 8. sedimentation: layers of sediment
deposited over millions of years
(compacting down!)
• Compaction: packing down the layers
like a smashed sandwich
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7U3Oti2L8S4 Star Wars…
• 9. cementation: gluing particles together
(cement? Get it?)
Smashed Italian Sandwich…
Trash compactor..see it squish!
Question time!
• 1. Where do sedimentary rocks form?
• 2. What does WEDSC2 stand for?
Overview of process:
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1. weathering
2. erosion
3. deposition
4. sedimentation
5. compaction (compacting trash?)
6. cementation
Two groups of sedimentary:
• 10. clastic rocks: made of sediments
that were weathered, transported, and
deposited.
• 11. chemical rocks: formed from
minerals dissolved in water
• (yum..chocolate milk!)
Clastic rocks
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
Uses of sedimentary rocks
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Buildings
Pottery, bricks, dishes, china
Preservatives (from salt)
Melt snow on roads (salt again!)
Energy (fossil fuels)
Farming (adds good stuff to soil)
Fossils (see our past!)
See the layers? Look closer!
Questions D53 1-5
• Answer all five questions in your spiral in
complete sentences. Yep, complete
sentences!
• Example: 1. Weathering blah blah blah
blah into blah blah become sediment.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XCFYeXyoOM4Petra, Jordan D52
Petra, Jordan
Where is Petra?
Metamorphic Rocks D56
• 12. metamorphism: process in which
any kind of rock is changed (morphed!)
into a metamorphic rock
• Occurs deep in the crust, where
heat/pressure can change properties of
rock
D56-57
• Low-grade: less pressure/heat so rocks
aren’t that different (shale and slate)
• High-grade: wow! Lots of heat/pressure
and it turns it into a completely new rock
D57
• Two conditions cause these rocks:
a. regional metamorphism (plate
boundaries squishing together) aka
convergent and TFB
boundaries..PRESSURE
b. contact metamorphism: contact
with heat “bakes” rocks (divergent
boundaries!  ) HEAT
Contact metamorhphism
Two Major types of
metamorphic rock: D57
• Foliated: layers/bands you can see
• Nonfoliated: do not appear banded
Foliated rock example
Processes that Cause this D58
• Heat: “bakes” rocks but doesn’t melt them
• Pressure: 1. weight squishes layer below
it and 2. crust bends it
• Water: hot water + minerals = change in
rocks
Uses of M. R. D60
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Buildings (marble: Taj Mahal)
Writing materials (graphite)
Cosmetics (talc)
Floors/paving stones
lubricant
With and without makeup!
Worst vocals ever…
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQs5Ta
G33CI&feature=em-share_video_user
Thank you Ms. McGrath…at least he sings
too closely to the microphone..blech
• Rap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkGVE6
wNAzo from my neighbor…better one…
D61 1-5 sentences!
• 1. Find the answer about this on page
D56…write a complete sentence!
• 2. D56
• 3. It is asking if it is the top, middle, or
lower layers..(hint: there are 2 answers!)
• 4. It is asking about regional or contact
metamorphism…which one represents a
divergent boundary? Explain.
• 5. NO HELP! Oh, you are all alone!!
MOMMY!!
The Way Rocks Can Change
D64
• 13. rock cycle: shows the processes
by which rocks are formed from one
another
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Example: Quartz
Quartz ….igneous….Granite
Quartz….sedimentary…sandstone
Quartz…metamorphic….quartzite
The process:
• Igneous > sedimentary> metamorphic
• Rocks continually change from one to
another!
• http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcyc
le/diagram.html great interactive
The Five processes:
• 1. melting: sed, ig, and met rocks form
magma
• 2. Cooling and solidification
• 3. weathering, erosion, deposition
• 4. compaction, cementation
• 5. heat and pressure
The Rock Cycle and Plate
Boundaries
• Convergent boundaries: rock
cycle at work here! All three
types of rock happen at this
boundary!
Your assignment: D67 1-5
• You can find the answers on:
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1. use a graph instead of a sentence
2. D65
3. D65
4. D66
5. D66
QTR 2: Weekly Quiz #1
• Please write your answers in complete
sentences!!!!
• 1. Rocks first formed from what?
• 2. How many common minerals are
there in the world?
Answers!!!!
• 1. Rocks first formed from
melted material that cooled. 
• 2. There are 100 common
minerals in the world. 
QTR 2 Quiz #2
• Please write each
question in a complete
sentence. It is not
necessary to write the
question down.
• 1. What are the two types
of igneous rock?
• 2. What does WEDSC2
stand for?
• 1. The two types of igneous rocks are
extrusive and intrusive.
• 2. Holy cow…here we go..
• Weathering, erosion, deposition,
sedimentation, compaction and
cementation.