Transcript lessons learned about disaster resilience all earthquakes

MAKING OUR WORLD DISASTER
RESILIENT
“Good Success” Will be Our Legacy
Walter Hays, Global Alliance
for Disaster Reduction,
Vienna, Virginia, USA
DISASTER RESILIENCE HAS A
VERY HIGH BENEFIT/COST
1 < BENEFIT/COST <
1000
THE PAYOFF IS
GREATER SAFETY,
SECURITY, HEALTH
CARE, AND QUALITY
OF LIFE FOR
EVRYONE
AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS
NOT DISASTER RESILIENT
• INDUSTRIAL
ACCIDENTS
• FLOODS
• SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
• EARTHQUAKES
• TSUNAMIS
AT PRESENT, OUR WORLD IS
NOT DISASTER RESILIENT
• DROUGHTS
• VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
• LANDSLIDES
• WILDFIRES
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF
COMMUNITIES ARE NOT
RESILIENT TO
INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
A Routine Delivery of Gas to a
Maternity Hospital in Mexico
City Leads to a Deadly
Explosion Killing 4 and Injuring
Dozens
January 29, 2015
ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER
• The explosion occurred when a gas
tanker was making a routine, early
morning delivery of gas to the hospital
kitchen, and gas started to leak.
• The tanker workers worked for 15 to 20
minutes to repair the leak while a large
cloud of gas was forming, then
exploded.
ELEMENTS OF THE DISASTER
• The explosion sent up an
enormous fireball and plumes
of dust and smoke.
• The Hospital caught fire and
collapsed.
MEXICO: GAS EXPLOSION
MEXICO: GAS EXPLOSION
SMALL THIS TIME, BUT IT COULD
HAVE BEEN MUCH WORSE
• The maternity hospital is located on the
western edge of Mexico’s densely
populated capital.
• It is located in a middle class
neighborhood, next to a school.
• Miraculously, the hospital’s oxygen
tanks were not affected by the
explosion or fire.
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF
COMMUNITIES ARE NOT
RESILIENT TO FLOOD
DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING IN FLOOD PLAIN
INUNDATION AND SCOUR
INTERACTION WITH
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
FLOODS
CASE HISTORIES
EFFECTS OF WATER ON
STRUCTURE & CONTENTS
INCREASED POTENTIAL FOR
HEALTH PROBLEMS,
INJURIES, AND DEATH
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF
CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
VULNERABILITY OF NONSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPECTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
BECOMING
DISASTER
RESILIENT
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
EARLY WARNING (THE ISS)
AND EVACUATION ARE
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL FLOODS
RECOVERY
AND RECONSTRUCTION
USUALLY TAKE
LONGER THAN
THOUGHT.
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
HURRICANE OR TYPHOON
DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
WIND AND WATER
PENETRATE BUILDING
ENVELOPE
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS PENETRATES
WINDOWS
SEVERE
WINDSTORMS
CASE HISTORIES
STORM SURGE AND HEAVY
PRECIPITATION
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
POOR WORKMANSHIP
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WINDSTORMS
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPECTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• WITHOUT
ADEQUATE
PROTECTION, HIGH
VELOCITY WIND
WILL LIFT THE
ROOF OFF OF NONENGINEERED
BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL WINDSTORMS.
• DISASTERINTELLIGENT
COMMUNITIES USE
TIMELY EARLY
WARNING TO
EVACUATE PEOPLE
AND TO PREPARE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• CAPACITY FOR
INTELLIGENT
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL
WINDSTORMS
• CAPACITY FOR
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
IS ESSENTIAL FOR
COMMUNITY
RESILIENCE.
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
EARTHQUAKE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO
HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING
SOIL AMPLIFICATION
PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT
(SOIL FAILURE AND SURFACE
FAULTING )
EARTHQUAKES
IRREGULARITIES IN MASS,
STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS
CASE HISTORIES
FLOODING FROM TSUNAMI WAVE
RUNUP AND SEICHE
POOR DETAILING OF
STRUCTURALSYSTEM
IGNORING NON-STRUCTURAL
ELEMENTS
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS FOR
ALL OF THE LIKELY
AND UNLIKELY
HAZARDS AND
RISKS IS ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
BUILDING CODES
AND LIFELINE
STANDARDS ARE
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL EARTHQUAKES
IF APRIORI PLANS
FOR RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
ARE ABSENT, THE
PROCESS WILL BE
LONG, COMPLEX,
AND HIGHLY
POLITICAL
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
TSUNAMI DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
HIGH VELOCITY IMPACT OF
INCOMING WAVES
INLAND DISTANCE OF WAVE
RUNUP
VERTICAL HEIGHT OF WAVE
RUNUP
TSUNAMIS
CASE HISTORIES
INADEQUATE RESISTANCE OF
BUILDINGS
FLOODING
NO WARNING, OR
INADEQUATE WARNING
PROXIMITY TO SOURCE OF
TSUNAMI
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TSUNAMIS.
• DISASTERINTELLIGENT
COMMUNITIES USE
TIMELY EARLY
WARNING FROM A
TSUNAMI WARNING
SYSTEM TO
EVACUATE PEOPLE
FROM HARM’S WAY.
LESSON: RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS LONG AND COMPLEX
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
DROUGHT DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROLONGED LACK OF
PRECIPITATION
LOSS OF SOIL MOSTURE
LOSS OF AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTIVITY
DROUGHTS
CASE HISTORIES
DEPLETION/POLLUTION OF
GROUND WATER
LOSS OF VEGETATION
INSECT INFESTATION
PROGRESSIVE LOSS OF LAND
BY DESERTIFICATION
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES ARE
NOT RESILIENT TO VOLCANIC
ERUPTION DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
PROXIMITY TO LATERAL
BLAST
IN PATH OF PYROCLASTIC
FLOWS
IN PATH OF FLYING DEBRIS
(TEPHRA)
VOLCANIC
ERUPTIONS
CASE HISTORIES
IN PATH OF VOLCANIC ASH
(AVIATION)
IN PATH OF LAVA FLOWS
IN PATH OF LAHARS
IGNORING WARNING TO
EVACUATE
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
LANDSLIDE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
BUILDING ON UNSTABLE
SLOPES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO TOPPLES
LANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE
TO SPREADS
CASE HISTORIES
SOIL AND ROCK
SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
EXCESSIVE PRECIPITATION
OR GROUND SHAKING
BARE, OVERSTEEPENED
SLOPES
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL LANDSLIDES
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL LANDSLIDES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
(SEARCH AND
RESCUE) IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
JANUARY 29,
2015
MILLIONS OF COMMUNITIES
ARE NOT RESILIENT TO
WILDFIRE DISASTERS
CAUSES
OF RISK
LIGHTNING STRIKES
MANMADE FIRES
PROXIMITY OF URBANWILDLANDS INTERFACE
WILDFIRES
CASE HISTORIES
WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED
DEFORESTATION
DENUDED SLOPES
HOT, DRY WEATHER
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
EARLY WARNING (THE ISS)
AND EVACUATION ARE
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WILDFIRES
RECOVERY AND
RECONSTRUCTION
USUALLY MEANS
HAVING THE
CAPACITY TO
START OVER.
DISASTER ASSESS.
• HAZARDS
•PEOPLE & BLDGS.
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
ACCEPTABLE RISK
RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GLOBAL
THE GOAL: DISASTER
RESILIENCE
COMMUNITIES
POLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
• PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION//PREVENTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MONITORING, FORECASTING,
AND WARNING ARE VITAL FOR
BECOMING RESILIENT
THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE:
1) KNOW THE HISTORY OF YOUR
REGION’S DISASTERS
2) PROTECT, PREVENT, PREPARE
3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM
4) EVACUATE
5) LEARN FROM THE
EXPERIENCE AND START OVER