Transcript Stone masonry

Class Day Thirteen
Chapter 9
Chapter 9
Stone & Concrete Masonry
Stone compared to Brick
Similarities:
– Both stacked
– Mortar Joints
Differences:
– Shape:
Brick molded - Stone Cut and Carved
Brick made/controlled – Stone provided by
nature but shape may be altered.
Three Types of Building Stone
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
IGNEOUS ROCK
Is rock that was formed by the cooling and
solidification of a molten mass of rock material
called magma. It is very hard and strong.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
Is material that was deposited in particle state,
moved by wind or water, then pressed under
extreme earth pressure.
METAMORPHIC ROCK
Is material that used to be something else. Its
original composition and texture has been altered
by heat and pressure deep within the earth’s crust.
GRANITE is the major type of igneous rock that is
prevalent in construction. The best example of
granite used in Texas is the State Capital in Austin.
SHALE, LIMESTONE, and SANDSTONE are
examples of natural sedimentary rock. Most is
relatively light in color, gray to white, and can be
cut into relatively thin sheets for building veneer.
Texas shell stone is an unusual example of
sandstone rock.
SLATE and MARBLE are the best examples of
metamorphic rock. Colors are in a wide range
from light to black. Slate can be cut thin enough
to make roofing shingles. Marble is durable and
hard and can be polished to a mirror surface
finish, but is relatively porous.
Some color options of granite
Polished Surface
Rough Texture
Texture Variances
(Note the Effect on Appearance)
Shape
Flat to Round
Exterior Application
Sedimentary Rock
Limestone & Sandstone
Porous, relatively weak by comparison
Color Range – doesn’t have much
character
Surface Textures – does not take fine
polish
Sources – mid west
region of U.S.
Primary Uses –
primarily veneer
facing on building
exteriors.
Limestone with Granite
Simulated Limestone Cladding
Actually is pre-cast concrete finished to look
Like limestone – very durable
Metamorphic Rock
Marble
Slate
Marble - Exterior Application
Marble Flooring
Slate Roofing Shingles
Slate Flooring
Types of Building Stone
Fieldstone
Rubble Stone
Dimension Stone
Stone Masonry Patterns
Laid in Mortar
Rubble has irregular shapes
and sizes. Large pieces are
laid at random will fill of
smaller stones.
Ashlar pattern has relatively
square and rectangular
pieces.
Random Rubble Stone
Stone Masonry
 Rubble stone and ashlar pattern stone is laid in
mortar beds much like brick. Stone may be laid to
form the structural mass of wall, or it may be
installed in a single facing layer to become a
veneer attached to some other structural support.
 Cut stone such as marble, granite, and sandstone
are mechanically fastened in large sheets to a
support system and fastened in place with steel
cramps. Joints may be filled masonry grout.
Concrete Masonry Units
 Concrete masonry units are made
of concrete, except for
modifications in the materials.
Aggregates in masonry units are
made of lighter weight material
such as expanded shale rather than
hard rock.
 The units are cast in steel molds
then placed in a controlled
atmosphere where the cement is
allowed to cure to the full strength
of the mix.
 Units are made in a variety of
shapes and sizes for specific
applications.
Typical Shape
Combination
Bond Beam
‘Corner’ – Round & Square
Spanning Openings in Concrete
Masonry Walls
Steel Lintels
Block Lintels - Reinforced Bond
Beam
Pre cast Reinforced Concrete
Lintel
CMU Installation
Layout & Lead Blocks
Installation of Mortar Bead
Lay CMU
Tooled Joints
Control Joint
Decorative CMUs
Split face CMU
Splitface (colored) and Brick
Painted CMU
Ground face
Split face, Brick, & Tile
Special Shapes