Transcript The “Big Bang” Theory

The “Big Bang” Theory
The beginning of everything we know
What is the Big Bang?
• The theory says that all matter in the
universe came together due to ________.
• It became so _______ that the _________
caused it to “explode”.
• This happened approximately _________
years ago.
• All of the matter moved _________ and
the universe is still _____________.
What proof do we have?
• ___________________
– Scientists detect a _______________ when they
study the universe. The radio signature is
consistent wherever they look.
• ________________ (The ________ Effect)
– The light from stars is analyzed and the ________
is shifted toward the longer wavelengths of light –
toward the ____.
What is the Doppler Effect?
• When energy waves are given off by a
moving object the waves are…
– Stretched when it is moving ________
– Compressed when it is moving _________
• The Doppler Effect is used when analyzing
star light, determining the speed of a ball
or motor vehicle, and for weather radar.
A stationary train sends the same sound wave in
every direction and the whistle has the same
sound or pitch no matter where you are standing.
A moving train will have a higher pitch whistle when it is
moving toward you and a lower pitch after it passes you.
So what happened after the
“Big Bang”?
• Matter started to “_______” back together
• This was due to __________
• The ________, _______ and __________
formed from these clumps of dust and gas
• There are __________ of galaxies in the
universe and each galaxy consists of
__________ of stars
So What about Earth?
• Our solar system, including the Earth,
formed about ____________ years ago.
• That is about ____________ years after
the “Big Bang”.
• Hominids (early ancestors of man) have
only been around for about __________
years and Homo sapiens for only about
____________ years.
So what’s the deal with Stars?
• Stars are giant balls of mostly gas (usually
_________ and ________) that give off huge
amounts of _______ through nuclear _______.
• Nuclear _________ is a process that joins two
nuclei together and gives off a lot of ________
in the process.
• ________________ is our closest star.
• All stars go through a similar evolution or life
cycle which includes…
– _________ (H) to _________ (He) and then
_________ (He) to __________ (C)
So what about the origins of life?
• There is evidence that the organic material
(_________ _______) necessary for life
arrived on Earth in ___________.
• Organic material is ______ based compounds
and is part of all life as we know it.
• It may have been lightning that made these
compounds become “alive”.
• _________ was necessary for life to evolve
and this may have come from comets
• __________ in the atmosphere was given off
by early organisms that were very abundant
When did life arrive on Earth?
• Evidence suggests that life arrived on Earth
about ___________ years ago.
• These life forms were the simplest form of life
– _______ _________.
• There is evidence of multi-cellular life as far
back as ___________ years.
• As organisms with _________ and eventually
__________ arrive the fossil record becomes
more detailed because these are more easily
___________.
Star Life Cycle
Nebula
(Stellar Cloud)
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Protostar
(Cloud Compresses)
Star
Is created when fusion
begins
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Stars like the sun take
about 10 billion years to
convert all Hydrogen to
Helium
Star will expand then cool
Red Giant is formed
(Luminosity increase while
temps. decrease)
Helium in core now reacts
(fusion) to form Carbon
Star contracts. Temps.
too cool for Carbon
fusion.
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Stars energy production
stops. White Dwarf is
created.
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Some White Dwarfs do not
just cool and die. Some
may have large explosions
called Novas.
Explosion may cause star
to become a million times
as bright – for a short
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period of time.
A Super-Nova is a large
explosion(s) that destroys
a star.
After explosion of a SuperNova, a dense ball of
neutrons may be formed =
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Neutron Star
When leftovers are too
dense – a Black Hole may
be produced. – So dense,
light cannot escape.
The END!!
or is it?
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