Transcript Reading is an Interactive Process

Reading
is an
Interactive Process
Dina Ocampo, Ph.D.
UP College of Education
Factors that Influence Reading
READER
TEXT
Prior Knowledge
Type Organization
Knowledge About Reading
Attitudes and Motivation
Linguistic Properties
Structural Features
CONTEXT
Purpose/Task
Instruction
Setting
Figure 1. Factors that influence reading.
(Source:Lipson and Wixson, 1991)
Comprehension is the result of the
Interaction between the Reader and the Text
READER
Types of prior knowledge
Stored in reader’s memory
1. Script Knowledge
Knowledge and beliefs about
The world derived from
repeated experiences with
people, places, events,
situations in day-to-day
living.
2. Knowledge about language
• graphophonic information
• syntactic information
• semantic information
• pragmatics
3. Knowledge of text structure
• text cohesion
• different types of text
TEXT
C
O
M
P
R
E
H
E
N
S
I
O
N
Text Schemata
Content Information
• subject matter/concepts
• theme
Linguistic features
• spelling patterns/written conventions
• language structure
• vocabulary, word meanings
• language functions (context in which
language is used)
Cohesive devices and general
text structure
• story grammar (narratives)
• Top-level structure (exposition)
Script
Knowledge
Content
theme
Can you guess
what the paragraph
is about?
A newspaper is better than a magazine and on a
seashore is better than a street. At first, it is
better to run than walk. Also you may have to
try several times. It takes some skill but it is
easy to learn. Even young children can enjoy it.
Once successful, complications are minimal.
Birds seldom get too close. One needs lots of
room. Rain soaks in very fast. Too many people
doing the same thing can also cause problems.
If there are no complications, it can be very
peaceful. A rock will serve as an anchor. If
things break loose from it, however, you will not
get a second chance.
(Brandford & Johnson, in Aulls, 1982)
KITE!
Let’s try this
one!
• Its physical make up is very similar to the
make up of an orange.
• Sometimes an orange has one seed in its
center.
• This also has a single central giant seed
about 760 miles in radius.
• This inner core serves to give it life, just
like the orange seed gives it life.
• Its interior is as liquid as the interior of
an orange
• However, the liquid of an orange is what we
call orange juice.
• The liquid in this sphere is known as the
outer liquid core.
• This liquid core is about 1400 miles in
depth.
• The liquid iron is confined by what is called
a rocky mantle; the juice of the orange is
confined by a white spongy cellulose
material.
• The difference is that the white cellulose
is only a fraction of the orange’s radius,
while the rocky mantle accounts for about
a third of its radius, about 1300 miles
• As you may have guessed by now, both the
orange and this sphere have a crust or
skin, which serves to protect the interior.
Can you guess
what the
sphere is?
The Usual Suspects
The sun!
A planet!
What helped?
Knowledge
Motivation
About science
Words I’ve
digested
earth!
Experience
with oranges
Knowledge
About Language
Linguistic
Features
Do you know all these words?
relation
set
table
values
variables
variation
with
set
are
between
consists
continuously
corresponding
curve
draws
graph
it
isolated
known
making
only
often
one
points
If so, then do you know what this
means……..
If the known relation between
the variables consists of a
table of corresponding values,
the graph consists only of the
corresponding set of isolated
point. If the variables are
known to vary continuously, one
often draws a curve to show the
variation
GOOD SHOW!
It’s a line on a graph!
Knowledge of Text
Structure
Cohesive Devices
Narrative Text Structure
Story Structure of Narratives
• Setting
• Plot
• Initiating event
• Internal response
• Attempt
• Consequence
• Reaction
Narrative Text Structure
• Is more similar to ordinary conversation
• Is more familiar to children
• Is organized into a sequential pattern –
with a beginning, a middle and an end
• Is easy of keep track of
Expository texts
Structure of Expository Texts
Types of
Organization
1. Enumeration
2. Time order
3. Comparison/
Contrast
4. Cause & Effect
5. Problem Solution
The Evolution of the Dodo
How did the dodo change from being
big birds with strong wings and beaks
to a big, flightless bird?
CAUSES:
___________
___________
CAUSES:
No one chased
them.
Cause and Effect:
_____________
_____________
EFFECT:
They grew bigger.
EFFECT:
___________
___________
EFFECT:
The dodos were
no longer able to
fly.
Expository texts
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provide information
Provide facts
Usually found in content area materials
Usually used in newspapers
Differ from ordinary conversation
Are used in most school materials
The Reader and the Text
The way the information is
organized makes a
difference in the way we
understand and use
information.