Transcript 4A-Astronomer-Notes

Tycho
Brahe
Created precise
measures of the
Solar System
Background info




Born December 14th, 1546
- Skane, Denmark
Went to the universities of Copenhagen, Leipzig,
Wittenberg, Rostock, and Basel
- interest in alchemy and astronomy
- bought several astronomical instruments
Lost part of his nose in a duel with another
student in 1566
- wore a metal insert over the missing part
Returned to Denmark in 1570
Background info cont.
Tycho accepted an offer from King Frederick
to fund an observatory, Uraniburg, which
became the finest in Europe
- designed and built new instruments
- trained a generation of young
astronomers
- left in 1597 and went to Prague
 In Prague he became the Imperial
Mathematician at the court of Emperor
Rudolph II
- died there were his instruments
were stored and eventually lost

Important accomplishments
Major works include:
-On the New and Never Previously
seen Star
-Concerning the New Phenomena in the
Ethereal World
-Instruments for the Restored
Astronomy
-Introductory Exercises Toward a
Restored astronomy
Contributions to astronomy


Designed and built
instruments
Observed the positions of
the planets and the moon
- observed these
bodies throughout their
orbits
- the first astronomer
to make corrections for
change in direction of a
ray of light as it passes
from space into the
atmosphere
Stephen Hawking
By: Alec Hardesty, Felipe Hernandez,
Kathleen Tejada, Chanel Hendrickson
Stephen Hawking
Born on January 8,1942 in Oxford,
England.
 Physics was not his primary choices in
college.
 Has ALS- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or
commonly known as Lou Gehrig's disease.

Stephen Hawking
Went to Cambridge and got Ph.D in
cosmology
 Cosmology-the study of the universe as a
whole
 Has 12 honorary
degrees

Stephen Hawking
Developed theories for black holes saying
that they emit radiation which can be
detected by special instrumentation.
 First theorized that black holes can never
decrease in size nor can they split in two
to create two black holes.

Stephen Hawking




He realized that particles, in fact, do leak from black
holes.
As matter compresses, it emits radiation into a
surrounding curved sphere of space called an “event
horizon”.
As the black hole shrinks into its own gravitational pull,
the temperature rises and so does the rate at which
particles are emitted into the event horizon. This process
is now called Hawking’s Radiation.
Hawking’s Radiation is the process through which a
black hole turns in on itself, essentially turning itself
inside out, and disintegrating.
Bibliography
http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?
qid=20091117141013AAYhDtF
 http://www.hawking.org.uk/
 http://www.alsa.org/about-als/what-isals.html
 bibliotecapleyades.net

Nicolaus Copernicus
By: Younes Elmaataoui
Eddie Chun
Kiana Mcclain
Biography





Nicolaus Copernicus was born on the 19th of February 1473. He passed
away at the age of 70 on the 24th of May 1543.
Nicolaus was born in the city of Thorn in Royal Prussia, part of the Kingdom
of Poland.
His field of expertise was in mathematics, astronomy, canon laws,
medicine, and economics.
He studied at the University of Cracow from 1491 to 1494.
He spoke 5 different languages which include: Latin, German, Polish,
Greek, and Italian.
Biography Continued…

Nicolaus came up with a theory that the Earth isn’t the center of the
universe. He believed that the center of the Earth is the sun. The
planets go around the sun, instead of the universe circling the earth.

He proposed a heliocentric and suggested that Earth was a planet, that it
rotated, and that Earth and the other planets revolved around the sun.
His real name was Nikals Kopenik and it was Latinized to Nicolaus
Copernicus. He came from a middle class background.
When Nicolaus Copernicus was 10 his father died
and he was raised by his uncle. His uncle gave
him a good education.

Biography Continued…
•Nicolaus
Copernicus was a true Renaissance man. He
also was a lawyer, tax collector, a doctor, military
governor, judge, vicar-general of canon law and a Polish
astronomer.
•His book De Revolutions “On the Revolutions of the
Heavenly Spheres” was his most famous piece of work.
•Copernicus book was published in March 1543 at
Nuremberg
Biography Continued…





Nicolaus Copernicus's knowledge was spread to others and he
also set the scene for major advances in science. Copernicus
also marked the beginning of a scientific revolution and
astronomy.
Copernicus first studied astronomy and astrology at the University of
Cracow (1491-94).
Copernicus studied medicine at the University of Padua (1501-3)
And then moved on to the University of Ferrara where he obtained a
doctorate in Canon Law (1503).
After he published his book two months later, Nicolaus Copernicus
died from a stroke induced coma in 1543.
Isaac Newton
By:
Sam Looman
Brittany Boyce
Aleena Ahmed
Background Info





Newton was born in Woolsthrope, England
1642.
He attended Cambridge University.
He was born prematurely on Christmas Day.
Newton had a hard childhood.
His mom died in 1678, he went through
emotional breakdown.
Important Accomplishments/
Discoveries

Newton invented Newton’s Laws of Motion:
1.
Every object remains in rest unless acted upon by an
external, unbalanced force
Rate of change of momentum of a body= to the force
applied to that body & direction of the force
Every action has an equal & opposite reaction
2.
3.



He formed a new formula to calculate Pi
Newton led the discovery that a prism can decompose
white light into a spectrum of colors
Universal Gravitation states every point mass in the universe
attracts another with a direct force
Review about Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton was born in:
a. Elkridge, Maryland
b. Islamabad, Pakistan
c. Woolsthrope, England

What tragedy occurred when he was a child?
a. He lost his kidney at school
b. Someone stole his lunch
c. His mother died

Every action has an equal and
a. Hula hoop
b. Opposite
c. Kristi Kapp
reaction.
Galileo Galilei
“Father of science”
By: Iroda Bayakhmedova
Kelsey Meehan
Cece (Cean’e) Batten
&
Christian Russo
All About Galileo





Galileo Galilei was a
famous astronomer who was
born on February 15, 1564
in Pisa, Italy and died in
January 8,1642. in Arcetri,
Italy. when older Galileo
was an Italian physicist,
mathematician, astronomer,
and philosopher after
graduating from the
university of Pisa, and later
on the university of Padua.
He became known for
kinetics
Dynamics
Telescopic observational
Astronomy &
Accomplishments



Galileo was responsible
for the birth of modern
science.
He taught kinematics,
the motion of uniformly
accelerated objects.
He confirmed the
phases of Venus and
discovered the four
largest satellites of
Jupiter
Important Accomplishments

Invented military
compass (improved
version) and birth of
modern science.
Later in his life

Later in his life,
Galileo became blind.
There have been
theories that his
blindness came from
his telescopic
research, but most
likely he lost his sight
from cataracts or
glaucoma.
Edwin Hubble
Information about him
He was born Nov, 29, 1889
 He died Sept, 28,1953
 Went to University of Chicago
 Also went to Oxford University
 Star athlete of his high school basketball
team
 Married to Grace Hubble
 American Astronomer

Achievements
Discovered other galaxies in the milky way
 Established that the universe is expanding
 His physic work was nominated for the
Nobel prize
 Discovered the arrangement of the
galaxies which is known as the Hubble
sequence

Hubble Sequence
Milky way is
The spiral galaxy ; 5Bb

Studies

Studied from the Hooker telescope;
biggest telescope in the world at that time
Claudius Ptolemy
Kristi Kapp, Walter Jenkins,
Amama Saeed, Daniel
Laidler
Claudius Ptolemy
Probably was born around 85?-165?
 Born in Egypt
 He created horoscopes

Claudius Ptolemy


Made his most original contribution by
presenting details for the motions of each of the
planets.
The earliest and most important of Ptolemy’s
work that has survived is the Almagest.
Claudius Ptolemy
He wrote 13 books.
 Ptolemy first of all justifies his description
of the universe based on the earth-centred
system described by Aristotle.

Claudius Ptolemy
In books 4 through 6, Ptolemy gives his
theory of the moon.
 The next 2 books deal with fixed stars.

CREDITS
KRISTI KAPP
 DANIEL LAIDLER
 WALTER JENKINS
 Amama saeed
