Transcript Scientific Revolution

Bell Ringer
Why
Theyis
areMartin
becoming Luther
worldly
and selling
angry
at indulgences
the Roman
Catholic Church?
The Silk Road
What trade route
spanned from China
to the Middle East?
Constantinople
The Capital of the
Byzantine Empire was
They were a rich merchant
andWho
banking
family.
They
were
the
Medici
bought and paid for art (art
family and how did they
patron)
help the Renaissance?
Scientific Revolution
The inquiring (questioning) spirit of
the Renaissance
Review
The Renaissance started as a result of the
increased trade between Europe and the Middle
East after the Crusades
Wealthy merchants in Italy dominated trade due
to the Mediterranean Sea. They became patrons
of the arts and sponsored paintings, sculptures
and architectural feats.
The Renaissance was characterized by Humanism
and inquiry.
Review
The inquiring spirit of the Renaissance gave way
to the Reformation. People began to ask
questions about the Church.
These questions led some to break away and
become protestant, or “protesters” of the
Church.
Martin Luther: angry with the selling of
Indulgences, he posted the 95 Theses, translated
the Bible and declared Salvation through Faith
alone
John Calvin: Salvation through Faith and
predestination alone.
King Henry VIII: Disliked the power of the
Church and passed laws to take control. He
started the Anglican Church
Scientific Revolution
Like the Renaissance and Reformation, the
Scientific Revolution comes about because of the
sense of inquiry.
Scientists began asking questions about the
world in which they lived, seeking to understand
the physical world.
Geocentric Model
For thousands of years the Greek
astronomer Ptolemy’s model of the
universe was the accepted model.
According to Ptolemy the Earth was
the center of the universe, and
planets, stars and the sun rotated
around it.
This also made sense according to the
teachings of the Catholic Church
Heliocentric Model
Nicolaus Copernicus began studying the
geocentric model. Through his observations
he developed the Heliocentric Model, one in
which the Earth rotated around the Sun
The Heliocentric model was rejected because
it went against both classical theory and the
Church’s teachings.
But it didn’t end there, several other scientists
studied Copernicus’ model:
-Brahe collected years of data tracking the
movements of space objects
-Kepler discovered the planets didn’t move in
perfect circles, but rather in ellipses.
Galileo Galilei
Italian astronomer who used the newest
astronomical telescope to view space. With the
telescope Galileo was able to see mountains on
the moon, sunspots and the moons of Jupiter.
When he studied the moons of Jupiter, he
noticed they rotated around Jupiter the way
Copernicus’ model showed the Earth around
the Sun.
Heretic!
Galileo’s findings were quickly dismissed, and he
was threatened with death unless he withdrew his
findings. (recant)
To save his life Galileo agreed to state that the
“earth stood motionless at the center of the
universe”, but as he was leaving he said
“Nevertheless, it does move”.
Isaac Newton
According to one story, Newton was sitting
in a garden when an apple fell from a tree.
He wondered if the force that pulled the
apple from the tree also controlled the
planets.
Over 20 years Newton used mathematics to
show that a single force keeps the planets
in their orbits around the sun.
This invisible force is called gravity.
Gravity
Newton’s theory of gravity helped
prove that the Heliocentric model was
accurate. By proving the invisible forces
kept planets in their orbits, and not an
all mighty God, Newton revolutionized
astronomy
The theory of gravity was not changed
for hundreds of years, when a man
named Albert Einstein began his
scientific work.
Bell Ringer
What is the name we
Mesopotamia
give
the area between
the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers?
Government ruled by a
King or Queen
What is a Monarchy?
Who founded each of the
Anglican- King
Henry VIII sects:
following
protestant
Lutheran- Martin Luther
Anglican
Calvinists- John Calvin
Lutheran
Calvinist?
Sahara and in Northern
What is the largest desert
Africa
in the world and where is
it located?
Chemistry
Chemistry had long been linked with
alchemy, attempts to turn metals into gold.
Robert Boyle distinguished individual
elements and chemical compounds. He was
also able to analyze the effect of temperature
and pressure on gases.
The Scientific Method
Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes worked to
figure out the problem of knowledge.
“How do we know what we know?”
Together they came up with the Scientific
Method to pursue knowledge
Scientific Method
They combination of experimentation, observation and human reasoning can unlock
the answers to all knowledge, according the Bacon and Descartes
Take home test
You have an anything goes take home test. It is due on Monday. You may
use your notes or regentsprep.org to answer the questions.
Do you best, this will count as your test grade.