Transcript Genetic Engineering Powerpoint

Assignment from yesterday
• Study the diagram called Visualizing Transcription
and Translation on p. 339
• On p. 38 in your notebook, Draw a diagram that
explains the process of transcription and
translation. Include: nucleus, DNA, mRNA,
ribosome, tRNA, amino acids, polypeptide
(protein)
• Answer the questions: What happens during
transcription and where? What happens during
translation and where?
DNA Technology
• What do you know about DNA technology or genetic
engineering? Can you give examples? What are you
curious about learning more?
• Skim Ch. 13, Section 2 (p. 363-371)
• As you read, define each of the vocabulary words from
the chapter (not the glossary)
• Answer Section 2 Assessment questions 10 - 22 at the
end of the chapter, pp. 383 - 384
Genetic Engineering
Making changes in the DNA code of
living organisms
Selective Breeding
•allowing only those organisms with desirable traits to
produce the next generation.
Breeding dogs to be better hunters,
horses to run faster,
plant crops to resist diseases
Brahman cattle:
Good resistance to heat
but poor beef.
English shorthorn cattle:
Good beef but poor heat
resistance.
Santa Gertrudis cattle:
Formed by crossing Brahman
and English shorthorns; has
good heat resistance and
beef.
Hybridization
•crossing dissimilar organisms
to bring together the best of
both organisms
•Ex. Labradoodle
combines the low-shedding coat of the
Poodle with the gentleness and
trainability of the Labrador, and
provides a dog suitable for people with
allergies to fur and dander
Genetic Engineering
• What is it?
– the process of extracting DNA from one organism and
combining it with the DNA of another organism, thus
introducing new hereditary traits into the recipient
organism.
• Why?
– The characteristics of every living creature is
determined by the special combinations of genes
carried by its cells. The slightest alteration (mutation)
can bring about significant changes in an organism
and also its offspring.
How?
Recombinant DNA
-“Combining” the
DNA from 2
organisms
1. Cut the DNA into pieces with
a Restriction Enzyme
2. Attach the pieces into a
vector (something that is
used to transfer DNA pieces
to another organism’s cell)
Transformation
• changing the genetic makeup
of a cell by taking up and
incorporating a piece of DNA
from another organism
•Bacteria have a circular piece
of DNA called a plasmid.
•The gene of interest
attached to the plasmid, so
that every time the bacteria
reproduces, the gene you
want is produced as well.
Examples of genetic engineering
useful to society
• Medicine
– Genetic Engineering to produce insulin.
– Human Growth Hormone
Genetic Engineering in Bacteria
• Transgenic Bacteria –
– Another way of saying bacteria that contains
genes from another organism
– Examples:
• Bacteria that “eat” oil – can help clean up oil spills
• Bacteria that produce the amino acid phenylalanine,
which is used to make NutraSweet and other artificial
sweeteners.
Genetic Engineering in Plants
• Agriculture
– Modify genes in a plant to be resistant to
herbicides or pests such as insects.
– A bacteria normally found on strawberry plants
can cause frost damage because ice crystals form
around a protein. By removing the gene for that
protein, frost damage to the plant is prevented