Transcript Bloodborne Pathogens, Universal Precautions, and Wound

 Because of the close
physical contact that
occurs through athletic
participation, the
potential of for spread
of infectious disease is a
potential danger.
What are bloodborne pathogens?
 Bloodborne pathogens – are pathogenic
microorganisms that can potentially cause disease.
 Mode of transmission:
 Human blood
 Semen
 Vaginal secretions
 Cerebrospinal fluid
 Synovial fluid
 Two most significant pathogens
 HBV
 HIV
 Other potential pathogens:
 HCV
 HDV
 Syphilis
HIV has been more widely addressed but HBV has a
higher possibility for spreading.
 HBV is stronger and more durable than HIV.
 HBV can be spread more easily when compared to HIV
also.
Hepatitis B Virus
 Viral infection that results in swelling, soreness, and
loss of normal function of the liver.
Signs of HBV
 Flulike symptoms
 Jaundice
 Individual may exhibit no signs of infection.
Prevention of HBV
 Good personal hygiene and avoiding high-risk
activities.
 HBV can survive for at least a seek in dried blood or on
contaminated surfaces.
 Avoiding contact with any infected surface or fluid.
 Vaccine
 Requires a series of three inoculations spread over a 6month period.
 1991 OSHA mandated that vaccination against HBV
must be made available by and employer at no cost to
any individual who may be exposed to blood or other
bodily fluids.
MRSA
 Staphylococcus aureus, often called "staph" is a type of
bacteria commonly found on the skin or in the nose of
healthy people.
 MRSA which stands for Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus is staph that is resistant to
commonly used antibiotics such as penicillins.
What types of infections does
MRSA cause?
 In the community, most MRSA infections are minor
skin infections that may appear as sores or boils that
often are red, swollen, painful, or have pus or other
drainage.
 These skin infections commonly occur either at sites of
breaks in the skin such as cuts and abrasions,
 areas of the body covered by hair (for example, the
back of the neck, groin, buttock, armpit, or beard area
of men).
How is MRSA Spread?
 Like other causes of skin infections in athletes, MRSA
is usually spread from person to person through:
 Direct skin contact or contact with shared items or
surfaces (e.g., towels, used bandages, weight-training
equipment surfaces) that have touched a person's
infection.
 MRSA might spread more easily among athletes
because they:
 have repeated skin-to-skin contact
 get breaks in the skin such as cuts and abrasions that if
left uncovered allow staph and MRSA to enter and cause
infection
 share items and surfaces that come into direct skin
contact
 have difficulty staying clean
Dealing With Bloodborne
Pathogens in Athletics
 In general the chances of transmitting HIV among
athletes is low.
 There is minimal risk of on-field transmission of HIV
from one player to another.
 There have been no validated reports of HIV
transmission in sports.
Universal Precautions In An
Athletic Environment
 The guidelines developed by OSHA were developed to
protect the health care provider and the patient.
 It is essential that every sports program develop and
carry out a bloodborne pathogen exposure plan.
 Counseling
 Education
 Volunteer testing
 Management of bodily fluids
Preparing the Athlete
 All open skin wounds and lesions must be covered
with a dressing that is fixed in place.
 Lessens chance of cross contamination.
 Reduces the chances of the wound reopening.
When Bleeding Occurs
 Aggressive treatment.
 Removed from participation.
 Return when it is deemed safe by the medical staff.
 Uniforms.
Personal Precautions
 Use of disposable non-latex gloves.
 Disposable mouthpieces for resuscitation devices..
 ONE –TIME USE NON-LATEX GLOVES MUST BE
USED WHEN HANDLING ANY POTENTIALLY
INFECTIOUS MATERIAL.
 Removal of gloves.
Are Sutures Necessary?
 Deeper lacerations,
incisions, occasionally
puncture wounds.
 Should be put in as soon a
possible, but certainly
within a max of 12 hours
following injury..
 Steri-strips, butterfly
bandages, derma-bond.
Signs Of Wound Infection
 Classic signs:
 Inflammation
 Pain
 Heat
 Redness
 Swelling
 Disordered function
 Pus
 Fever
Tetanus
 Bacterial infection that causes fever and convulsions.
 Occurs most often with puncture wounds.