Transcript Applications of fungi

TODAY’S HEROIC TRAIT
•INNOVATION
WONDER QUESTIONS
•WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF FUNGI?
•WHAT ARE THE MEDICAL APPLICATIONS
OF FUNGI?
FUNGI IN THE NEWS
•IKEA ANNOUNCED ON
FEBRUARY 24 2016, THAT
IT WILL BE SWITCHING
TO PACKING MADE FROM
MUSHROOMS
FUNGI AS FOOD
• EVIDENCE OF HUMANS EATING
FUNGI SINCE BEFORE THE
PALEOLITHIC PERIOD
• RED LADY OF EL MIRON –
SPORES OF AGARICUS FOUND IN
HER TEETH
• BY 400BC – MUSHROOM
COLLECTING ESTABLISHED PART
OF EUROPEAN CULTURE
HISTORY OF FUNGI
• CLASSICAL PERIOD
• EVIDENCE SUGGESTS THAT
THE ANCIENT
MEDITERRANEAN CULTURES
– PERSIANS, GREEKS, AND
EGYPTIANS THOUGHT FUNGI
SHOULD ONLY BE EATEN BY
NOBLE-BORN PEOPLE
HISTORY OF FUNGI
• WORLD’S MOST
EXPENSIVE FUNGUS
• WHITE TRUFFLE SELLS
FOR UP TO $3,000.00
PER KILO
HISTORY OF GREECE
•ANCIENT GREEKS WERE
CONFUSED BY FUNGI AS
THEY DID NOT GROW LIKE
PLANTS DID
HISTORY OF FUNGI
• HIPPOCRATES –”FATHER OF
WESTERN MEDICINE”
• EXPLORED THE RISKS AND
BENEFITS OF CONSUMING
POISONOUS FUNGI
• EXPERIMENTED WITH
TREATING DIFFERENT
AILMENTS WITH POISONOUS
FUNGI
SAINT ANTHONY’S FIRE
• MIDDLE AGES
• SALEM WITCH TRIALS
• 1951 – 400- INHABITANTS OF A
FRENCH VILLAGE POINT SAINT
ESPRIT
HOW DO WE USE FUNGI TODAY?
MEDICINE-ANTIBIOTICS
•SIR ALEXANDER FLEMING –
1928
•DISCOVERS PENICILLIN
•KNOWN AS A “CARELESS LAB
TECHNICIAN”
MEDICINE - ANTIBIOTICS
• WAS EXPERIMENTING WITH STAPHYLOCOCCUS
• CAME BACK FROM VACATION 2 WEEKS
LATER
• PENNICILLIN HAD GROWN ON CULTURE FOR
TWO WEEKS
• BACTERIAL CULTURES NOT GROWING IN
AREAS WITH MOLD PRESENT
MEDICINE - ANTIBIOTICS
• “ONE SOMETIMES FINDS WHAT ONE IS NOT LOOKING FOR. WHEN I WOKE UP
JUST AFTER DAWN ON SEPT. 28, 1928, I CERTAINLY DIDN’T PLAN TO
REVOLUTIONIZE ALL MEDICINE BY DISCOVERING THE WORLD’S FIRST
ANTIBIOTIC, OR BACTERIA KILLER. BUT I GUESS THAT WAS EXACTLY WHAT I
DID.”
MEDICINE- ANTIBIOTICS
• WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?
• BEFORE ANTIBIOTICS
• BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
MOSTLY FATAL
• LEAD TO RESEARCH OF
OTHER POSSIBLE
SUBSTANCES
HOW DO ANTIBIOTICS WORK?
•CAUSE WALLS OF
BACTERIA TO
DISINTEGRATE
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO TAKE ALL OF
YOUR ANTIBIOTICS?
FERMENTATION
•YEASTS
•BREWING
•BREAD
MAKING
TRANSFORMATION OF SUBSTRATES
•TRANSFORMATION OF ONE COMPOUND
INTO ANOTHER
TRANSFORMATION OF SUBSTRATES
• ETHANOL:
• SUGAR CANE, POTATO,
CASSACA, AND CORN
FERMENTED BY
YEASTS TO BECOME
ETHANOL
TRANSFORMATION OF SUBSTRATES
•AGRICULTURAL FEED
•WASTE PRODUCTS
CAN BE FERMENTED
AND USED AS FOOD
FOR ANIMALS
TRANSFORMATION OF SUBSTRATES
•FOODS
•SOYA SAUCE
•CHEESE
TRANSFORMATION OF SUBSTRATES
•MYCOTRANSFORMATION
•DEGRADE
HYDROCARBONS
PICK UP HEAVY METALS
•
WHAT ARE HEAVY METALS?
•METALS THAT HAVE A LARGE ATOMIC MASS
•INCLUDE: CADMIUM, MERCURY, LEAD ARSENIC
•POISONOUS TO HUMANS
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS
•ALTERNATIVES TO PESTICIDES
•BREAK THROUGH CUTICLE OF
•
•
INSECT
GROW INSIDE INSECT AND KILL
IT
NOT POISONOUS
FUNGI VS FUNGI
•FUNGI ATTACKING FUNGI
•SELECTED FOR ABILITY TO BREAK
DOWN CELL WALLS OF OTHER
FUNGI
•10-15 YEARS OF TESTING LEFT