Transcript Kingdoms of Living Things

Kingdoms of Living
Things
9th Grade Biology
Virus
 Group 1
Archaea
Archaea
 Most like these are the first cells to have evolved from
the most ancient origins
 They can live in extremely HARSH environments: hot,
salty, acidic, high chemical
 Make their own food with Hydrogen, Sulfur or Carbon
Dioxide
Archaea
 Archaea are in the Prokarya Domain – which means
they don’t have a defined nucleus in their cells.
 They can be round, rod-shaped, long and slender and
many others. Some have a flagella, as well.
 They are single-celled organisms.
 They have a cell membrane and wall – but they are
very different from all other organisms.
 Their tRNA is different from all other organisms –
bacteria tRNA is the most different from Archaea.
Archaea Reproduction
 First, the DNA replicates
 Next, the 2 strands pull apart
 Then, the cell grows
 Finally the cell ends pull apart from each other
 This is called Binary Fission
Archaea Development
 Archaea is a very simple organism – it is mostly
concerned with replicating its DNA and then growing
big enough to split into new cells.
 This process in can happen in a matter of 20 minutes!
Examples
 Halobacteria – salt-loving microbes that give a pink
tinge to salt water
 Lobus fulgidus – a sulfur-reducer that can sour oil wells
 Sulfolobus acidocaldarius – used to leach copper and
iron from ore
Bacteria
Bacteria
 Most common organism in the world … can be found
ANYWHERE!
 They can live in areas without oxygen, they are all over
your guts!
 Some cause disease
 Most are heterotrophs
Bacteria
 Bacteria are in the Prokarya Domain – which means
they don’t have a defined nucleus in their cells.
 They can be round, rod-shaped, spiral, long and
slender and many others. Some have a flagella, as
well.
 They are single-celled organisms.
 They have a cell membrane and wall – but they are the
most different from all other organisms.
Bacteria Reproduction
 First, the DNA replicates
 Next, the 2 strands pull apart
 Then, the cell grows
 Finally the cell ends pull apart from each other
 This is called Binary Fission
Bacteria Development
 Bacteria are very simple organisms – mostly concerned
with replicating its DNA and then growing big enough to
split into new cells.
 This process in can happen in a matter of 20 minutes!
Examples
 Helicobacter pylori – commonly found in the stomach
 Streptococcus pyogenes – the common infectious
bacteria that causes strep throat among many other
infections
 Listeria monocytogenes – extremely virulent bacteria –
20-30 percent of cases result in death.
Protists
Protists
 Freshwater and marine organims
 There are autotrophic and heterotrophic varieties
 Some cause disease
 Three main types:
 Animal-like
 Plant-like
 Fungus-like
Protists
 Protists are in the Eukarya Domain – which means they
have a defined nucleus in their cells
 They come in many different shapes, sizes and colors,
with many different modes of transportation
 They are single-celled organisms, mostly
 They are complex cells, with all of the many different
organelles
Protist Reproduction
 Many protists reproduce sexually, creating gametes
that will be fertilized.
 However, many can reproduce asexually through
Binary Fission
Protists Development
 Protists live in water and provide the base of many of
our food chains – they are the algae in the ocean and
all the different pond bugs in our freshwater.
Examples
 Amoeba – found in lakes, disease causing
 Euglena – do photosynthesis, move with flagellum
 Paramecium – they “eat” to get food and move by cilia
Fungus
Fungus
 Freshwater, marine and land organisms
 Heterotrophs – absorb food externally, then absorb the
nutrients
 Some cause disease
 Some are poisonous
 Some are harmless
 Some are nutritious
Fungus
 Fungi are in the Eukarya Domain – which means they
have a defined nucleus in their cells
 They come in many different shapes, sizes and colors
 They are generally multi-celled organisms, very few
are single-celled
 They are complex cells, with all of the many different
organelles
Fungus Reproduction
 Fungi reproduce
with spores –
spores can be
created through
sexual and asexual
processes.
 However, they can
also reproduce
through budding,
mitosis and
fragmentation.
Fungus Development
 Fungus can grow very quickly, sometimes a whole
body can grow overnight.
 They grow so quickly because the cells are actually
getting larger by taking in water
Examples
 Mushrooms – found in moist environments
Examples
 Truffles – grow underground, around the roots of trees.
Pigs and dogs are used to “sniff” them out.
Examples
 Yeast - used in bread
Examples
 Athlete’s Foot – infection that grows on the toes and soles
of the feet – can spread to other areas though.
 Moisture can make this worse!
Examples
 Lichen – symbiotic relationship between an algae and a
fungus.
Videos:
 Basics
Amphibians
Amphibians
 Amphi refers to BOTH and bia comes from bio,
meaning LIFE
 They live in both land and water
 They mate in water
 They are young in water, have gills
 Adults live on land, have lungs
 Cold-blooded, moist smooth skin
Amphibians
 They are in the Eukarya Domain – which means they
have a defined nucleus in their cells
 There are many different species
 They are multi-celled organisms
 They are complex cells, with all of the many different
organelles
 They are vertebrates
Amphibian Reproduction
 Amphibians reproduce sexually, the female lays (lots
of) the eggs and the male fertilizes them
Amphibian
Growth & Development
 Amphibians go through distinct phases as they grow
into their adult form:
Examples
 Newt – lizard like bodies that are slender – with 4 legs
and a long tail
Examples
 Frogs – four legs, no tail as adult – no hair or scales
Examples
 Caecilians – No limbs - very short tail
Videos:
 Basics