Transcript 13-3 Cell Transformation

13-3 Cell Transformation
Recombinant DNA
Host Cell DNA
Target gene
Modified Host Cell DNA
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
What happens during cell transformation?
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
During transformation, a cell takes in DNA
from outside the cell. The external DNA
becomes a component of the cell's DNA.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
Foreign DNA is first joined to a small, circular DNA
molecule known as a plasmid.
Plasmids are found naturally in some bacteria and
have been very useful for DNA transfer.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
The plasmid has a genetic marker—a gene that
makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the
plasmid (and the foreign DNA) from those that don't.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Applications of Genetic Engineering
If transformation is successful, the recombinant
DNA is integrated into one of the chromosomes of
the cell.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
Recombinant
DNA
Gene for human
growth hormone
Gene for human
growth hormone
Human Cell
Bacterial
chromosome
DNA
Sticky
ends
recombination
DNA
insertion
Bacteria cell
Plasmid
Bacteria cell
containing gene
for human growth
hormone
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Genetic Engineering and
Recombinant DNA
1. Plasmid is removed from donor (bacteria)
2. DNA is removed from human cell
3. The DNA is cut for insertion into the plasmid
4. The plasmid is snipped to make a place to insert the
human DNA
5. A recombinant DNA is formed
6. The plasmid is inserted into host/donor (bacteria) cell
7. Host cell reproduces and contains the human DNA into
the plasmid
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13-3
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Continue to:
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13-3
Plasmids can be used to transform
a. bacteria only.
b. plant cells only.
c. plant, animal, and bacterial cells.
d. animal cells only.
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An unknowing pioneer in the concept of cell
transformation was
a. Luther Burbank.
b. Frederick Griffith.
c. Oswald Avery.
d. James Watson.
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13-3
One reason plasmids are useful in cell
transformation is that they
a. are found in all types of cells.
b. prevent gene replication.
c. counteract the presence of foreign DNA.
d. have genetic markers indicating their
presence.
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13-3
A common method of determining whether
bacteria have taken in a recombinant plasmid is
to
a. introduce them into plant cells.
b. introduce them into animal cells.
c. treat them with an antibiotic.
d. mix them with other bacteria that do not have
the plasmid.
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Successful transformation of an animal or a
plant cell involves
a. the integration of recombinant DNA into the
cell’s chromosome.
b. changing the cell’s chromosomes into
plasmids.
c. treating the cell with antibiotics.
d. destroying the cell wall in advance.
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END OF SECTION