Transcript 13-3 Cell Transformation

13-3 Cell Transformation
Recombinant DNA
Host Cell DNA
Target gene
Modified Host Cell DNA
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
Transforming Bacteria
A cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
Foreign DNA is first joined to a small,
circular DNA molecule in bacteria known as
a plasmid.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Bacteria
Recombinant
DNA
Gene for human
growth hormone
Gene for human
growth hormone
Human Cell
Bacterial
chromosome
DNA
Sticky
ends
recombination
DNA
insertion
Bacteria cell
Plasmid
Bacteria cell
containing gene
for human growth
hormone
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Plant Cells
Transforming Plant Cells
A bacterium exists that produces tumors in plant
cells.
Researchers can inactivate the tumor gene and
insert a piece of foreign DNA into the plasmid.
The recombinant plasmid can then be used to
infect plant cells.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Gene to be
transferred
Transforming Plant Cells
Agrobacterium
tumefaciens
Inside plant cell,
Agrobacterium
inserts part of its
DNA into host
cell
chromosome.
Cellular
DNA
Recombinant
plasmid
Plant cell
colonies
Transformed bacteria
introduce plasmids into
plant Copyright
cells.
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Complete plant
generated from
transformed cell.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Animal Cells
Transforming Animal Cells
DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus of an
egg cell.
Enzymes insert the foreign DNA into the
chromosomes of the injected cell.
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13-3 Cell Transformation
Transforming Animal Cells
Recombinant DNA
Flanking sequences
match host
Recombinant DNA
replaces target gene
Target gene
Modified Host Cell DNA
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13-3
Plasmids can be used to transform
a. bacteria only.
b. plant cells only.
c. plant, animal, and bacterial cells.
d. animal cells only.
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13-3
An unknowing pioneer in the concept of cell
transformation was
a. Luther Burbank.
b. Frederick Griffith.
c. Oswald Avery.
d. James Watson.
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13-3
One reason plasmids are useful in cell
transformation is that they
a. are found in all types of cells.
b. prevent gene replication.
c. counteract the presence of foreign DNA.
d. have genetic markers indicating their
presence.
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13-3
A common method of determining whether
bacteria have taken in a recombinant plasmid is
to
a. introduce them into plant cells.
b. introduce them into animal cells.
c. treat them with an antibiotic.
d. mix them with other bacteria that do not have
the plasmid.
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13-3
Successful transformation of an animal or a
plant cell involves
a. the integration of recombinant DNA into the
cell’s chromosome.
b. changing the cell’s chromosomes into
plasmids.
c. treating the cell with antibiotics.
d. destroying the cell wall in advance.
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