Transcript The Water Cycle

Earth’s 4 Spheres
air
life
water
earth/rocks
The Water Cycle
The Water Cycle
Condensation
Evaporation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Runoff
Groundwater
Human Uses
Human Waste
The Water Cycle
• Evaporation - Water that rises from the
earth (lithosphere or biosphere) into
the atmosphere
The Water Cycle
• Condensation - Water in the atmosphere
that clumps together to form clouds.
• The water molecules come together, or
condense, into liquid or solid form.
The Water Cycle
• Precipitation - Water that falls from the
atmosphere in the form of liquid (rain)
or solid (snow, ice) to the earth
(lithosphere)
The Water Cycle
• Runoff - Water on the earth
(lithosphere) that flows into bodies of
water (hydrosphere)
• Water flows downward according to
gravity
• Human activities can affect runoff
• Examples: flooding, pollution
The Water Cycle
• Ground Water - Water stored in
the Earth (lithosphere)
• About 1.7 % of Earth’s water is
ground water but 30.1 % of all
our fresh water (drinking water)
appears as ground water
The Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
Pollution
Photosynthesis
Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
Carbon Fixation
Animal Waste
Fossilization
Burning Fossil Fuels
Decomposition
Gas Exchange
• CO2 exchanges between water and
the atmosphere
• dissolves from the atmosphere into
water (the hydrosphere)
• rises out of water into the atmosphere
Photosynthesis
• Plants use CO2 from the atmosphere
to make glucose sugar (C6H12O6)
Carbon Fixation
• When CO2 leaves
the atmosphere
and enters the
biosphere (usually
photosynthesis)
Animal Waste
• Carbon compounds are released
through solid waste into land and
water (the lithosphere and
hydrosphere)
Decomposition
• Carbon is decomposed (by bacteria
and other decomposers) into soil
Fossilization
• When plants and animals die, the carbon
in their bodies may be turned into fossil
fuels
• Under the right heat and pressure
Burning Fossil Fuels
• We can burn these fossils and use the
energy from them as fuel (coal, oil,
and natural gas)
• CO2 is released when they are burnt
• Pollution - CO2 from the burnt fuels is
released back into the atmosphere
Pollution
The Nitrogen Cycle
The Nitrogen Cycle
Burning Fossil
Fuels
Animal Use
De-nitrification
Nitrogen
Fixation
Waste
Runoff
Plant Use
Nitrogen Fixation
• Lightning and bacteria put
atmospheric nitrogen into the
lithosphere and hydrosphere (NO3
and NH3)
Plant Use
• Plants use nitrogen to make amino
acids (the building blocks of proteins!)
• From the atmosphere to the biosphere
Animal Use
• Animals break apart the plant proteins and
use the amino acids to build their own
proteins
• Stays in the biosphere
Waste
• Decomposers break down animals
and plant matter into nitrogen for the
soil (lithosphere and biosphere)
De-nitrification
• Decomposers turn nitrogen compounds
back into nitrogen gas (lithosphere to
atmosphere)
Runoff
• Runoff washes nitrogen from the
ground into water (lithosphere into
the hydrosphere)
Burning Fossil Fuels
• Nitrogen enters the atmosphere as
pollution from our factories
• Lithosphere to atmosphere