Transcript Ch 3 Biogeochemical powerpoint

Chapter 3
Biogeochemical Cycles
Matter cycles through the biosphere
• Biosphere- The combination of all ecosystems on
Earth.
• Biogeochemical cycles- The movement of matter
within and between ecosystems involving biological,
geologic and chemical processes.
Biogeochemical Cycles
C
H
N
O
P
S
+ Ca, Mg, K
Biogeochemical Cycles
C - carbon
H – hydrogen (builds water for solubility, provides the
ability to transfer water)
N - nitrogen
O – oxygen (builds water, important in cellular respiration)
P - phosphorus
S - sulfur
+ Ca, Mg, K
The Hydrologic Cycle
• The movement of water through the
biosphere.
• What is the driving “force”?
The Hydrologic Cycle
• Transpiration- The process where plants
release water from their leaves into the
atmosphere.
• Evapotranspiration- The combined amount
of evaporation and transpiration.
• Runoff- When water moves across the land
surface into streams and rivers, eventually
reaching the ocean.
The Carbon Cycle
The Carbon Cycle
Why do we need: good at chemical bonding and
building organic
Where stored: mostly as gas in our atmosphere
**ocean is known as a carbon sink
**fossil fuels are also seen as sequestered
carbon…why?
Human impact: burning fossil fuels, deforestation,
soil degradation
The Nitrogen Cycle
Fix NAAD ANPAN
Process
Product
Fix Nitrogen
Ammonia
Nitrification
Nitrates
Assimilation
Proteins
Ammonification
Ammonia
Denitrification
Nitrogen
The Nitrogen Cycle
Why do we need: building block of amino acids,
builds proteins, part of DNA and RNA
Where stored: mostly in the atmosphere, not
usable until the N has been fixed
Human impact: burning fossil fuels and adds NOx
to our atmosphere, used as fertilizers,
**we are adding N to nature at rate of 1.5 times
faster than the natural rate
The Phosphorus Cycle
The Phosphorus Cycle
Why do we need: lipids, DNA, ATP
Where stored: rocks (locked away), released within
the rock cycle and travels through the water cycle
Human impact: used as fertilizers and increases
growth, used in animal feeds, used in detergents
but banned in 1994(laundry soap) & 2010(dish
detergents)
The Sulfur Cycle
Why do we need: adds structure to proteins
Where stored: rocks & volcanic eruptions
Human impact: burning fossil fuels causes SOx
pollution, released during mining of minerals
The Ca, Mg, K Cycle
Why do we need: regulate cellular process,
transmit signals
Where stored: No gas component, dissolved in
water, (K)can leach easily and slows growth of
plants
Human impact: