Transcript The Nature of Science

Taxonomy
SC.912.L.15.6
Discuss distinguishing
characteristics of the
domains and kingdoms
of living organisms.
Source:http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/levin/04716974
35/chap_tut/chaps/chapter06-02.html
What do I need to know?
 the distinguishing characteristics of
the domains and kingdoms of living
organisms.
 how organisms are classified based
on evolutionary relationships and
explain the reasons for changes in
how organisms are classified.
Domains and Kingdoms
The 3 domains
(archaea, bacteria, &
eukarya) and the 6
kingdoms
(archaebacteria,
eubacteria, protista,
fungi, plantae &
animalia) are separated
from one another by
characteristics such as
cell type, number of
cells, mode of
nutrition, and cell
structures like cell
walls and chloroplast.
Domains and Kingdoms
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
CELL TYPE
Eukarya
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Cell walls of
cellulose in
some; some
have
chloroplasts
Cell walls of
chitin
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
No cell walls
or chloroplasts
Unicellular
Unicellular
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some
multicellular
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus,
Escherichia coli
Methanogens,
halophiles
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime molds,
giant kelp
Mushrooms,
yeasts
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms,
insects, fishes,
mammals
CELL
STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Evolutionary Relationships
Living things are
classified according to
their evolutionary
relationship or how
long ago they shared a
common ancestor.
Evolutionary
relationships can be
shown using a
cladogram. Cladograms
can be built using
physical characteristics
or DNA sequencing.
Show What You Know
 Organisms classified as fungi have
unique characteristics. Which of the
following characteristics is found only in
organisms classified in the kingdom
Fungi?
A. single cells without a nucleus
B. multicellular with chloroplasts
C. multicellular filaments that absorb
nutrients
D. colonies of single, photosynthetic
cells that reproduce asexually
Show What You Know
 It was recently determined that giant pandas are
much closely related to bears, than to raccoons.
Before this, many scientists believed that giant
pandas were members of the raccoon family. What
is the best piece of evidence that was probably
used to re-classify giant pandas as a bear and not
a racoon?
A. More behavioral similarities to bears than to
raccoons
B. More similarities in appearance to bears than to
raccoons
C. More similarities in bear DNA and giant panda
DNA than in racoons DNA and giant panda
DNA
D. A more similar habitat to bears than to raccoons
Show What You Know
 Many protists are single-celled organisms, as
are all bacteria. However, protists and bacteria
are in different biological kingdoms. Which of
the following comparisons of protists and
bacteria is NOT true?
A. Both protists and bacteria can be motile.
B. Both protists and bacteria are
microorganisms.
C. Protists are eukaryotes, while bacteria are
prokaryotes.
D. Protists may be photosynthetic, but bacteria
cannot be photosynthetic.
Show What You Know
 Fungi were once classified as a member of the
plant kingdom. Over time scientists recognized a
defining characteristic that forced the
reclassification of fungi as their own kingdom.
What is this defining characteristic?
A. Fungi lacked a cell wall and plants have a cell
wall
B. Fungi are heterotrophs and plants are
autotrophs
C. Fungi are prokaryotic and plants are
eukaryotic
D. Fungi are onlu unicellular and plants are only
multicellular