Transcript Bacteria Powerpoint MAIN

KINGDOM MONERA
Monerans
 The most successful organisms on earth
 Longevity - bacteria have been around for 4
billion years
 Bacteria can reproduce every 15 minutes
 Bacteria live anywhere and everywhere
 There are more
bacterial cells living in
your body than you
have body cells!
Wash your hands
before eating lunch!
Tip of Thumb Tack!
GROSS!
Why are Monerans so
successful?
 Monerans have a Prokaryotic cell
structure
 Without monerans, life could not exist
Monerans ….
 Recyclers / Decomposers
 At the bottom of the food chain
 Provide a large portion of Earth’s
oxygen
All living
organisms are
descended
from Monerans
Monerans are Prokaryotic
 Monerans do not
have a nucleus or
other membrane
bound organelles
 Monerans are
very small (10-50x
smaller than a typical
human cell but larger
than viruses)
Moneran Structures
 Cell membrane
 Cell wall(s)
 DNA (and sometimes a
second piece of DNA
called a PLASMID)
 Ribosomes
 Cytoplasm
 Flagellum and/or pili
 Sketch the drawing in
your notes (or page 361
in your text)
What are bacteria good for?
Making yogurt
Cleaning up oil spills
Help digestion
Waste management
Producing vaccines
Classification of Monerans
4 Main Phyla
 Eubacteria
 Ex: E.coli, streptococcus
 Archaebacteria
 Known for living in extreme
environments
 Cyanobacteria
 Photosynthesis (pigment:
phycocyanin)
 Prochlorobacteria
 Photosynthesis
 (chloroplasts)
PHYLUM EUBACTERIA
 Means “true” bacteria
 Cell membrane and
wall
 Mobile forms have 1
or more flagella
PHYLUM ARCHAEBACTERIA
 Have different ribosomes, membranes and cell
walls than Eubacteria
 Can live in extremely harsh environments
 Some are ANAEROBIC (do not require Oxygen)
 Anaerobic bacteria are found in places such as
digestive tracts of animals. These
archaebacteria are called
Methanogens because
they produce Methane
Gas.
 They are also found in
thick mud and salty lakes
Moneran cell shapes
 Rod shape BACILLUS
 Spherical shape COCCUS
 Spiral shape SPIRILLUM
Draw each shape
Number of cell walls
How can you tell how many cell wall layers a
bacterium has?
 Gram staining (by Hans Gram) – uses 2 dyes:
safranine (red) and crystal violet (purple)
 1 layer cell wall will stain purple (Gram +)
 2 layer cell wall will stain red (Gram -)
This is important when deciding what type of
antibiotic to use!
Gram staining
Movement
 Some do not move
 Some have 1 or more
Flagella
 Some Glide on slime
 Spiral shaped
bacteria spirals or
lashes around
Obtaining energy
1. Autotrophic
 Chemotrophic autotroph – uses inorganic
material to make food
 Phototrophic autotroph – uses light to make food
2. Heterotrophic
 Chemotrophic heterotroph – taking in organic
material as food (Salmonella)
 Phototrophic heterotroph – can make own
energy but also have to take in organic materials
Salmonella poisoning
Methods of producing cellular
energy
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration – requires
oxygen to survive) “obligate aerobes”
 Food+O2 -> cellular energy
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration - no oxygen
required to survive) “obligate anaerobes”
 Food -> cellular energy
 “Facultative anaerobes” (can survive with or
without oxygen)
 What is a culture?
A group of growing bacteria
 What is a thermophile?
An organism that thrives in extremely hot environments
 What is a Petri dish used for?
Used to collect and culture bacteria
 What kingdom does Bacteria belong to?
Monera