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Microorganisms
Overview of the Major Classes
for the
Birmingham City Schools
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What Are Microorganisms?
Living things that are usually too small to
see with the naked eye.
 They can be parasitic, saprophytic,
mutualistic, beneficial, or harmful.
 Some are photosynthetic.
 Some have been genetically manipulated.
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About Microorganisms
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They are found everywhere!
 On deep sea vents. (more)
 In Antarctica. (more)
 On Mars! (more)
 They can be measured from Angstroms
(viruses) all the way to meters (sea
algae).
Classes of Microorganisms
 Viruses
 Bacteria
 Protists
 Algae
 Fungi
Retrieved from www.ams.rdg.ac.uk/…/simon/teaching1.htm
Virus Overview
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Parasitic
“Specific” for host cell
Classified according to
 Type of nucleic acid
 Type of “cycle”/means
of transmission
 Host
 “Envelope” the virus
has
 Type of disease the
virus causes
Herpes simplex: the cold sore virus
Bacteria Overview
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Bacilli on hard surface
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Saprophytic and
mutualistic
Prokaryotic
Classified according to
shape
 Bacillus (rod-shaped)
 Coccus (spherical)
 Spirillus (spiralshaped)
Some are genetically
manipulated
Protist Overview
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Mostly aquatic
Eukaryotic
Classified according to
means of locomotion
 Psuedopodia
 Cilia
 Flagella
Euglena are
photosynthetic
Most are harmless unless
ingested
Sketch of an ameoba
Algae Overview
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Acetabularia
Very (mm) small to very
large (meters)
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Usually classified according
to color
 Blue-green (cyanophyta)
 “Golden” (chyrsophyta)
 Green (chlorophyta)
 Brown (phaeophyta)
 Red (rhodophyta)
Used in industry
 Example: algin in ice
cream
Fungi Overview
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Decomposers and parasitic
Eukaryotic
Classified according to
gamete distribution
 Chytridiomycota
(aquatic)
 Zygomycota (no spore
sac)
 Ascomycota (sac fungi)
 Basidiomycota (club
fungi)
 Dueteromycetes
(imperfect fungi)
Ascomycetes decomposing the substrate
Conclusion
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Microorganisms are a diverse group of living
things
They exist in many different environments
They can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic
Some can be seen and some are too small to be
seen
Some can be manipulated to be beneficial, others
help clean up the environment, still others may be
parasitic or harmful to their hosts
Vocabulary
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Parasitic – a situation where an organism lives off
another; it contributes nothing and is potentially
harmful to its host.
Saprophytic – a condition where an organism lives off
dead or decaying matter.
Mutualistic – a condition where two different species
lives with each other; each contributes to the welfare
of the other.
Photosynthetic – using light to make its own food.
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Vocabulary
Angstrom – a measurement equal to one
ten-billionth (1.0 x 10 –10 ) meter!
 Meter – the SI unit of length.
 SI – System International; also known as
the metric system.
 Unit – the standard that is equivalent to
“one”.
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Vocabulary
Locomotion – means of movement
 Psuedopodia – “false feet”; cytoplasmic
extensions
 Cilia – short hair-like extensions
 Flagella – long whip-like extension
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Questions? Comments?
C. M. Johnson, Science Chair – Wenonah
High School
 205.231.1685 - ofc
 205.249.8772 – mobile
 [email protected]
 Please allow up to 24hrs for replies
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