Transcript notes classification ppt

Notes - Classification
Why Classify?
Classification makes it easier to answer
questions about living things such as
• How many known species are there?
• What are the defining characteristics of each
species?
• What are the relationships between these
species?
Taxonomy
• The science of describing, classifying,
and naming living things
Levels of Classification
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Kingdom (largest, most general)
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (only one kind of organism)
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Spaghetti
Classification History
• Aristotle – (4th century B.C./Greek) the first
person to organize things scientifically.
• Linnaeus – (18th century/Swedish) Carolus
Linnaeus is the father of taxonomy. He
grouped things according to their shared
characteristics like shape and structure.
• Science is dynamic (changing). As we
make new discoveries, our groupings of
organisms sometimes change.
Binomial Nomenclature
(two names)
• What is a puma vs. a mountain lion
vs. a cougar? Felis concolor
• Names are in Latin or Greek so that
all scientists use the same name
• Linnaeus simplified the naming
process with two parts; genus and
species.
• Genus is always capitalized, species
is lower case
• You can abbreviate the genus, but
not the species
• Genus and species are in italics or
underlined
Scientific Names
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Felis domesticus
Tyrannosaurus rex
Canis familiaris
Homo sapien
Panthera onca
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house cat
T. rex
dog
human
jaguar
Dichotomous Key
• A guide to identifying organisms
• It is based on statements/questions that
will be answered with one of two
responses. These responses lead you to
other statements until you reach the
identity of the organism.
1 A. Metal..................................go to 2
1 B. Paper.................................go to 5
2 A. Brown (copper)..................penny
2 B. Silver..................................go to 3
3 A. Smooth edge..................... nickel.
3 B. Ridges around the edge....go to 4
4 A. Torch on back....................dime
4 B. Eagle on back...................quarter
5 A. Number 1 in the corners....$1 bill
5 B. Number 2 in the corners....$2 bill
Important Terms
Prokaryote – having no nucleus
Eukaryote – having a nucleus
Unicellular – made up of one single cell
Multicellular – made up of more than one cell
Autotroph – make their own food
Heterotroph – get food from consuming
something else
Six Kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Fungi
•Prokaryote
•Single-cell
•autotrophs and heterotrophs
•extremophiles
•“ancient” bacteria
•Eukaryote
•mostly multi-cell, some single-cell
•heterotrophs, external digestion
•mushrooms, mold, yeast
Eubacteria
Plantae
•Prokaryote
•Single-cell
•autotrophs and heterotrophs
•E. coli, strep throat, cheese
•“true” bacteria
•Eukaryote
•Multi-cell
•autotrophs
•trees, flowers, shrubs
Protista
Animalia
•Eukaryote
•mostly single-cell, some multi-cell
•autotrophs and heterotrophs
•algae, paramecium, diatoms
•Eukaryote
•Multi-cell
•heterotrophs, internal digestion
•mosquito, fish, dog