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Mushrooms & Myth: Perseus Mushrooms & Myth: Perseus Foxfire Fungi: Friend or Foe? Friend Cheese Ripening Antimicrobics Fermentation Industrial Enzymes Biological Control Fungi Plant Diseases Mycotoxins Mycorrhizal Assoc. Spoilage Allergic Responses Human & Animal Mycoses Foe Decay / Nutrient Cycling vs. Rot & Spoilage Food Source Food Source: Fermentation Toxins Aflatoxin St. Anthony’s Fire (Ergot) Diseases Diseases Diseases Medicines Penicillin Cyclosporin Symbioses Fungi: General Characteristics Fungi versus fungi • “fungus” is used inclusively for a heterogenous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists • “Fungi” refers to the organisms in the Kingdom Fungi, the true fungi, also called the “Eumycota” Are fungi bacteria? • NO • Eukaryotic • Different cell wall – Glucans, chitin, other polysaccharides – As opposed to peptidoglycan Fungi: General Characteristics • Not plants – why? – No chlorophyll – No leaves, stems, roots – Primary carbohydrate storage as glycogen – Cell wall composition (not cellulose) • (Language from botany) Fungi: General Characteristics • Not animals – why? – Absorptive nutrition – (unicellular) – Non-motile Fungi: General Characteristics • Eukaryotic • Heterotrophic – Absorptive nutrition – Need free water to move nutrients – Some omnivorous, other more restricted • Diversity of growth conditions • Reproduction: – Asexual & sexual – Via spores Fungi: General Characteristics • • • • Filamentous or unicellular (yeasts) Definite cell walls Nonmotile (some motile reproductive cells) Most saprobes – Some parasites – Some predacious Fungi: Structural Terms Hypha (pl. Hyphae) Mycelium (pl. Mycelia) Septum (pl. Septa) Fungi: Structural Terms Yeast Germ Tube Pseudohypha Sexual Reproduction in Fungi