Transcript Society in the Industrial Revolution - RoshanVarghese

WarmUp #7
• Read pgs. 665 & 669 on light pollution &
fingerprinting, in regards to the Industrial Revolution.
• Answer the respective questions.
Society in the Industrial Revolution
80
70
60
50
40
% urban in 1800
% urban in 1914
30
20
10
0
Great
Britain
France
Germany Eastern
Europe
Men & Women
• with more advanced machinery, factories became job
sites for men
• opened the ideas of separate “spheres” for men &
women
– men: work outside home
– women: work inside home (i.e. raise family, etc.)
• standard of living: level of material comfort
(improved)
Men & Women’s Spheres
Movements of People
• massive immigration to the United States
• movement to the cities…then onto the suburbs “white
flight”
• increased movements to help the poor
– child labor laws
– Salvation Army, Hull House, etc.
– free education (not equal)
• movement to be more informed
– newspapers increased (i.e. world events, human
interest stories, political cartoons etc.)
• movement for leisure time
– professional sports (baseball/boxing/football)
– travel (seaside, mountains etc.)
– entertainment (theater, concerts, moving pictures)
Art, Music & Literature
• romanticism: emphasized emotional & intuitive
reaction to the Enlightenment & Industrial Revolution
– Beethoven: from Classical to Romantic music
– Mary Shelley: Frankenstein (when science goes too far…)
• realism: emphasized details of ordinary daily life
– Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist & other stories about the
plight of industrial workers
– Leo Tolstoy: struggles in Russian society
• impressionism: paintings where artists capture
impression of scene, light, vivid color & motion
– Claude Monet & Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Romanticism
Realism
Impressionism
Achievements in Biology
• Charles Darwin voyaged
around the world on the
Beagle
• wrote down observations
from various islands
• On the Origin of Species
about natural selection: the
animals that are better
adapted to their environment
are the ones to survive &
pass on those traits
• became the theory of
evolution…very controversial!
Achievements in Chemistry
• 1803 John Dalton: atoms have varying masses &
sizes
• 1871 Dmitri Mendeleyev: arranged known elements
into the periodic table (left gaps for elements, yet to
be discovered)
• 1898 Pierre & Marie Curie: discovered radium &
radioactivity (some elements release energy as they
break down)
• 1911 Ernest Rutherford: nucleus is at center of the
atom & made up of protons
Pierre & Marie Curie
Achievements in Physics
• 1905 Albert Einstein: light can act as particles &
waves
• motion measured only from the viewpoint of the
observer…thus, no absolute time & space: theory of
relativity)
• believed small amounts of mass could be converted
into HUGE amounts of energy (E=mc2)
– basis for atomic energy
Albert Einstein
Advances in Medicine
• 1870 Louis Pasteur: link between microbes & disease
– realized bacteria causes the spoilage of food & drink
• if foods are heated to a high degree, the bacteria can
be killed = pasteurization
• 1860s Joseph Lister: antiseptic to kill germs in wounds
– fewer people died from infection
• increased training for doctors & nurses…& hospitals
modernized (Clara Barton, Florence Nightingale)
Medicine
Psychology
• study of mind & human behavior
• Ivan Pavlov: studied animal behavior to prove
conditioned response (reflex actions could be
taught…dogs & bells)
– concluded that human behavior was a series of conditioned
responses to stimuli
• Sigmund Freud: argued subconscious mind
controlled behavior (id)…& kept some thoughts from
the conscious mind (ego & superego)
– used hypnosis, so patients would tell him their dreams, in
order to recall repressed thoughts (psychoanalysis)
– believed repressed thoughts caused mental illness
Sigmund Freud & Ivan Pavlov