Transcript E.Coli - Workforce Solutions

What is Biotechnology?
Chapter 1
1.1 Biotechnology
Introduction
For centuries humans manipulate living
organisms for desired characters
Increased milk, meat or egg from cows and
chicken
Increased yield from plants
Recently not only whole organisms but
cells, molecules, tissues and organs
Insulin made in bacteria cells to treat diabetics
1.1 Biotechnology
Definitions
Large area…..Many definitions
Technology based on biology used in
agriculture, food science, medicine, and
industry
Modern techniques
Recombinant DNA technology (rDNA)….cutting
and recombining DNA molec.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)….copying short
pieces of DNA
Cloning….producing identical organisms
1.1 Biotechnology
Lab techniques
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Mathematics
Computer Skills
1.2 Biotechnology Products
Antibiotics
Penicillin from penicillium sp
Amoxicillin and carbenicillin…modification
used to stop bacteria resistant to penicillin
Plant extracts
Medical and industrial products
Rubber from rubber trees
1.2 Biotechnology
Bioengineered Products
Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Recombinant DNA inserted into cells to give
new characteristics
E.Coli bacteria 1st GMO to produce human
protein (human growth hormone,
somatostain)
1st GMP to be sold was Human tissue
plasminogen activator (t-PA)
1.2 Biotechnology
Bioengineered Products
t-PA
A blood-clotdissolving enzyme
Used immediately
after heart attack
Clear blocked blood
vessels
Table 1.1 lists a
variety of Biotech
products
1.2 Biotechnology
Human Genome Project
Completed
Determining human DNA sequence on 23
chromosomes
Further work
ID all genes
Determine their function
1.3 Biotechnology
Product Selection
Ideas from Research teams and scientists
Research and development (R&D) of a
certain Biotech product
Several years before marketing
Effectiveness
Large scale production
If drug, clinical trials under FDA
1.3 Biotechnology
Product Selection
If drug, avg.10-15 years (“product
pipeline”) before marketing
Recent example:
Enzyme Pulmozyme by Genentech, Inc
Used to manage genetic disorder, cystic fibrosis
(CF)
CF clogs respiratory and digestive systems with
mucus
Fatal by age 30
Patients life improves b/c Pulmozyme reduces
amount of mucus produced
1.4 Biotechnology
Scientific Method in Research
1. Propose a testable scientific question
Based on some information or observations
2. Develop a hypothesis
3. Plan a valid experiment
Numerical data
Replications
Variable and control
4. Conduct exp. And collect data
5. Formulate a conclusion
Omit sections 1.5 and 1.6
Covered in another course
Homework 1
Due Thursday 8/30/07
Page 14, review questions 2 and 3
Page 19, review questions 1, 2 and 4
Page 23, review questions 2 and 4
Thinking like a biotechnician
Questions 1, 2, and 7
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