Transcript Multiple Drug Resistance in Cancer

National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Safelab II
Basic Biological Safety
Robert O’Connor Ph.D
DCU Biological Safety Advisor
[email protected]
What is biosafety?
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Biosafety - safety measures taken with
respect to the effects of biological research
on humans, animals, plants and the
environment
 Keeping you and others safe from
biological hazards and meeting statutory
requirements
Causes of biological diseases
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
All organisms (esp animals and humans) are incubators for disease-causing
organisms
 Viruses
 HIV, Hepatitis
 Bacteria
 Tetanus, TB
 Toxins of bacteria – Tetanus toxin
 Fungi
 Aspergillus, Candida
 Toxins of fungi (mycotoxins –aflatoxin)
 Parasites
 Malaria (plasmodium)
 Prions – CJD Infectious proteins
 Allergies – allergies to animal products
Classification of biohazards
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Biosafety level 1
 Environmentally common, low individual and community
risk and are highly unlikely to cause disease in healthy
workers or animals – E.Coli
 BSL2
 Hazardous only through unusual exposure, self limiting
disease, non-contagious and treatable – Anthrax, Candida,
Hepatitis, HIV
 BSL3
 Known to cause serious human or animal disease, or which
can result in serious economic consequences but limited
contagion- Avian Influenza, TB
 BSL4
 Fatal human or animal disease, untreatable, and very
contagious (Marburg, Ebola)
Additional considerations
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Certain practices –e.g. cultivation, may increase biosafety
requirements
 Aside from safety, some organisms require extra security
precautions – bioterrorism
 Ethical requirements for human material
 Transport
 Legislative/regulatory restrictions
 Disposal
 Each BS level has mandated laboratory requirements
 Laboratory design
 Training
 PPE
 Security
How are we exposed to biohazards?
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Contact with human products – inc blood, saliva, urine,
tissue
 Contact with Humans!!
 Contact with animals and their products – zoonoses &
allergies
 Contact with human/animal cells/microbes
How can these things cause disease
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Organism must get onto/into body in sufficient amount
and begin to grow
 Mechanisms
 Ingestion
 Inhalation - aerosol
 Puncture wounds –needles/glass ware
 Direct contact
 Mucous membranes –esp eyes and nose
Protective measures
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Training and knowledge
 Facilities appropriate to hazard
 Biosafety cabinets
 Sealed centrifuge rotors
 Containment
 Appropriate labelled storage
 Good practice
 Never eating near samples/lab environment
 Appropriate vaccination (e.g. tetanus, hepatitis, TB)
 Avoid sharps
 Appropriate waste handling (labelling, autoclaving, incineration)
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Some standard lab points
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
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Lab coat
Wash hands before leaving
Wear safety glasses –ALWAYS
Cover cuts/abrasions
Wear gloves where appropriate
Have an appropriate spill containment/treatment
procedure
 Appropriate local and national/international transport
procedures
 Don’t forget other hazards – chemical, physical etc.
Legislation I
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Biological safety is covered in general and specific
terms in the Health and Safety at Work acts
 These ascribe individual and “corporate”
responsibilities.
 Transport of samples covered by certain regulations
 University has general HSA authorisation for BSL1
Activities
 University has BSL2 approvals but additional
notification required
 Faculty - Biosafety overseen by Faculty Biological
Safety Committee
GMOs
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 GMOs- genetically modified organisms
 Animals, cells, bacteria and viruses which are
modified by some direct genetic means
 Cell lines transfected or transduced
 Transgenic animals
 Genetically Modified Microbes (GMM)
Legislation II
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Any generation, use or storage of Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs) is additionally covered by separate
National and EU legislation
 Overseen by EPA
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BSL I Activities - general notification
BSL II Require specific license
BSL III Require special license.
All GMOs must be stored in specific lab conditions,
inventory and stringent reporting conditions exist
 EPA frequently inspect
Summary
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
Remember
 Always wear PPE
 Take active measures appropriate to the hazard – e.g.
vaccination
 Report any problems/exposure
 Inactivate hazardous material
 Bear in mind security, cleaners, couriers, colleagues
 Caution if work with animals/animal products, humans,
testing on animal/human products, cancer cells or
microbes
Some Relevant links
National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
 Vaccination policy
http://www.dcu.ie/safety/policies.shtml
 Faculty H&S information
http://www.dcu.ie/science_and_health/safety_info.shtml
 EPA GMO info & legislation
http://www.epa.ie/downloads/legislation/geneticallymodifiedorga
nismsgmo/
 HSA guidance on biological agents
http://www.hsa.ie/eng/FAQs/Biological_Agents/