Transcript Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually Transmitted
Diseases
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– Homework:
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How can you be infected with a STD?
There are 2 types of STD infections:
bacterial & viral
What is Chlamydia?
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A common STD caused by the bacteria,
Chlamydia trachomatis
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Can damage reproductive organs & cause
PID &/or infertility
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There are 3 million new
infections in US each year
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Known as the silent disease
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95% women & 50% men-
Show no symptoms
How is Chlamydia be transmitted?
Vaginal sex
 Oral sex……(get in throat)
 Anal sex
---------------------------------------------- Semen
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Vaginal fluid
What are the signs and symptoms?
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Symptoms show up 7-28 days after having sex w/
infected partner
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In men: white drip or discharge from penis,
burning/pain during urination, groin pain, need to
urinate more, itching around opening of penis
In women: Initially infects the cervix & urethra (urine
canal): a milky discharge, odor, painful urination
**When infection spreads to fallopian tubes: lower
abdominal pain, spotting between period, pain during
sex, fever, nausea
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Chlamydia can be found in throats, use a__________
How is it diagnosed?
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A cervical sample from a female is obtained
and examined
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A urine sample
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Chlamydia & Gonorrhea have similar
symptoms
How can it be treated?
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with antibiotics
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Abstain from sex until their partners and
themselves have been treated
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Since most people who have chlamydia
also have gonorrhea, it is recommended
that people get treated for both diseases
How can it be avoided?
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Abstinence
Proper use of latex condoms with
spermicides (avoid non-oxynol 9)
CDC recommends yearly testing
Form a monogamous faithful
relationship - be tested before intimacy
How can it be avoided?
What is Gonorrhea? (“The CLAP”)
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Common infection of the
urethra and cervix
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Caused by the bacteria,
Nisseria gonorrhoeae
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CDC reports over 700,000
new infections in the US each
year
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80% of women and 10%
of infected men show no
symptoms
What are the signs and symptoms?
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Symptoms usually show up 2-21 days after having sex & sometimes
not @ all
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MEN: thick yellow, white or greenish drip from penis, pain &
burning & frequent urination , tender or swollen testicles
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WOMEN: painful or burning urination, increased
vaginal discharge, painful intercourse, bleeding between
periods ……..Symptoms are usually mild and mistaken for
bladder or vaginal infection
Untreated gonorrhea can lead to:
In women: gonorrhea is a common cause
of (PID) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
 About 1 million women in U.S. develop
PID symptoms include: Abdominal pain &
fever, damage to fallopian tubes that cause
infertility or risk of ectopic pregnancy
 In men: can lead to sterility, damage to
reproductive organs
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How is it transmitted/passed?
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Vaginal, oral or anal sex
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Contact with the penis, vagina, mouth or
anus
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Mother to baby
Men spread the infection more easily to
women than women to men-WHY????
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How can an infected mother
transmit it to her baby?
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Babies can get Gonorrhea eye infection as
they pass through the birth canal
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Develops into pus and potential blindness if
not treated.
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ALL newborns receive an
antibiotic ointment on
their eyes immediately after
birth
How is it diagnosed?
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Testing for gonorrhea can be done with
a simple urine test
or
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Testing tissue samples from the
infected area
How can it be avoided?
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Abstinence
Mutually Long Term Monogamous
relationship
Correct Latex condom use
It is crucial that those infected alert their
sexual partners to allow them to be
adequately treated
How can it be treated?
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Gonorrhea used to be 100% curable
with Penicillin but has developed a
resistance to this antibiotic
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Usually a shot of Rocephin or an extralarge dose of Zithromax will kill the
bacteria and cure the disease
HUMAN Papillomavirus(HPV)
*The most common STI
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Over 40+ types of HPV
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20 million people in U.S. have HPV..6.2
million new cases each yr.
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At least 50% of men & women will
acquire an HPV infection in their lifetime
HPV conti……
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Most infected persons don’t realize they
are infected
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90% of cases, the body’s immune
system clears the HPV infection
naturally within 2 yrs.
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HPV can cause warts or cancers
2 types of HPV-(“low & high risk”)
1. “Low risk” or wart causing
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Genital warts are flesh-colored gray or
pinkish white bumps in genital area.
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Warts appear after wks. or months after
sexual contact.. if untreated they may go
away,remain or increase in size & #
How can it be treated?
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Visible warts can be treated at home
with a prescription topical cream
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Laser surgery, liquid nitrogen freezing,
acid treatment which remove visible
symptoms but don’t get rid of the virus
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Warts may reoccur
2. “High risk” or cancer-causing
*Most common type is cervical cancer in
women-does not have signs & symptoms
until it is advanced
*Other cancers…vaginal, penis,& rectal
cancers
*Vaccination and regular pap tests are
important for women
*Only STD with a vaccine (for females
only)
Gardasil-HPV Vaccine
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Get vaccine before becoming sexually active
Shot given 3x’s over 6 months
Recommended for 11 & 12 year old girls &
up to 26 yrs. old
About 30% of cervical cancers will not be
prevented by the vaccine- get pap tests
Protects against 4 of the most common type
of viruses (2 strains=70% cervical cancers)
(2 strains=90% warts)
How can it be avoided?
Abstinence
 Correct condom use
 No skin to skin contact w/
infected area
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Vaccination
Committed monogamous
relationship
What is Genital Herpes?
Herpes is a viral infection of the skin
 Caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus
2 Types:
 Type 1 Infections of the mouth and lip (“fever
blisters”) Not a STI but can be through
mouth to genital contact
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Type 2 causes genital
herpes…STI
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How can you get Herpes?
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Passed through kissing, intimate touching
and unprotected sex …(skin to skin contact
and/or infected fluids)
Treatable but not curable. Virus stays in your
body forever. Symptoms can come and go.
4-5 outbreaks occur within the first
year……will decrease over years
Stress, menstruation, fatigue, illness, or
surgery trigger outbreaks
What are the signs and symptoms?
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The first outbreak of symptoms (if any) usually
occur within 2 wks. of infection.
Symptoms for men & women:
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burning or itchy sensation 1 - 2 days before the skin
rash develops, water blisters (vesicles) or open
sores (ulcer), painful urination when sores are
present, flu-like symptoms, fever,& swollen glands
How is it transmitted?
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It is spread by skin-to-skin contact (even
kissing)
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Sexual intercourse is usually the way
that genital Herpes is spread
How is it diagnosed?
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Dr. exam
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A culture of sores
How is it treated?
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There is no cure for Herpes
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Valtrex, Zovirax, and Famvir lessen the
pain and symptoms
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Topical creams
How can it be avoided?
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Abstinence
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Correct condom use: covering all the infected
skin areas
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Avoiding sexual activity when sores are
present
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Limit your sex partners
What is Syphilis?
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Caused by the bacteria Treponma
Pallidum
It has 3 stages…(primary, secondary,&
late)
Prevalent in large cities
Over 36,000 cases reported
65% of reported cases in 2006 were
among gay men
What are the signs and symptoms?
May not have symptoms for
years
1st stage: Primary stage
 A single sore (called a
chancre) forms. It is small &
painless. Appears where
syphilis entered body
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The chancre last 3-6 weeks after the chancre heals,
the second stage begins…………
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2nd stage: Secondary stage
bacteria spreads throughout the
body causing rashes on the hands
and feet….reddish brown spots on
palms & feet
Other symptoms may include:
A fever, sore throat, swollen lymph
glands, patchy hair loss, headaches,
muscle aches and fatigue
Without treatment…..syphilis will
progress to the late stage
Syphilis conti….
3rd
Stage-Late stage:
*occurs about 10-20 years after
initial infection
*It affects the brain and spinal cord, often
causing mental illness, paralysis,
numbness & death
How is it passed/transmitted?
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Passed from person to person through
direct contact with a syphilis sore..
usually during sex
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Mom to baby
How can it be treated?
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A intramuscular injection of
Penicillin/antibiotic
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Dosage varies according to the stage of
disease
Can an infected mother give this
disease to her baby? YES
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Give it to the baby while in the womb
Congenital syphilis can cause the baby
to die before it is born (stillbirth)
In the babies who survive, symptoms
can affect the eyes, teeth, bones, liver,
glands, lungs, and brain.
How is it diagnosed?
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Taking a sample from the chancre and
finding the cork-screwed shaped
bacteria
Blood tests
Spinal fluid can be examined for the
presence of syphilis during late stages
of the disease
6 fluids that can transmit any STI to…
any 6 openings:
6 OPENINGS
*ears
*nose
*mouth
*penis/vagina
*anus
*cuts/rash/open skin
6 FLUIDS
*semen
*vaginal
*blood
*amniotic fluid
*breast milk
*amniotic