Transcript Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

Cellular Respiration and
Photosynthesis
The Basics…
Cellular Respiration
Harvesting Chemical Energy
ATP
2009-2010
Energy needs of life
 Animals are energy consumers
 Aka Heterotrophs

What do we need energy for?





synthesis (building for growth)
reproduction
active transport
movement
temperature control (making heat)
What is energy in biology?
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
Whoa!
HOT stuff!
2009-2010
Harvesting energy stored in food
 Cellular respiration

breaking down food to produce ATP
 in mitochondria
 using oxygen
 “aerobic” respiration

food
ATP
usually digesting glucose
 but could be other sugars,
fats, or proteins
O2
glucose + oxygen  energy + carbon + water
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
6O2
 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O
Cellular Respiration
O2
glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
transport
chain
H2O
What goes in…(reactants)
 O2 (oxygen)
 Food (glucose)
What comes out…(products)
CO2
H 2O
and ATP!!!
Mitochondria are everywhere!!
animal cells
plant cells
Using ATP to do work?
Can’t store ATP
 too unstable
 only used in cell
that produces it
 only short term
energy storage
 carbohydrates & fats
are long term
energy storage
Whoa!
Pass me the
glucose & oxygen!
ATP
Adenosine TriPhosphate
work
Adenosine DiPhosphate
ADP
A working muscle recycles over
10 million ATPs per second
What if oxygen is missing?
 No oxygen available = can’t complete
O2
aerobic respiration
 Anaerobic respiration

also known as fermentation
 alcohol fermentation
 lactic acid fermentation
yeast
no oxygen or
no mitochondria (bacteria)
 can only make very little ATP
 large animals cannot survive

bacteria
Anaerobic Respiration
 Fermentation

alcohol fermentation
 yeast
 glucose  ATP + CO2+ alcohol
 make beer, wine, bread

lactic acid fermentation
 bacteria, animals
 glucose  ATP + lactic acid
 bacteria make yogurt
 animals feel muscle fatigue
O2
Photosynthesis:
Life from Light and Air
Plants are energy producers
 Like animals, plants need energy to live

unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat
food to make that energy
 Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY
animals are consumers (heterotroph)
 plants are producers(autotroph)

Building plants from sunlight & air
 Photosynthesis
2 separate processes
sun
 ENERGY building reactions

 collect sun energy
 use it to make ATP and
ATP
NADPH

SUGAR building reactions
 take the ATP and NADPH
 use all to build sugars
carbon dioxide
water
+ HO
CO2
2
H2O
+
CO2
sugars
C6H12O6
sugars
What do plants need to grow?
 Where does it happen?

chloroplast
 Fuels (reactants)
sun
sunlight
CO2
 carbon dioxide
 water

 The Helpers

enzymes
Enzymes
 Products

ATP
O2
Glucose and O2
H2O
sugars
Chloroplasts are only in plants
animal cells
plant cells
Photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Leaf
absorb
sunlight & CO2
Leaves
sun
CO2
Chloroplasts
in cell
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts
contain
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
make
ENERGY & SUGAR
Plant structure
 Chloroplasts


double membrane
stroma
outer membrane
inner membrane
 fluid-filled interior


thylakoid sacs
grana stacks
stroma
 Thylakoid membrane
contains
chlorophyll molecules
Increased surface area!

thylakoid
granum
Pigments of photosynthesis
 Chlorophylls & other pigments


embedded in thylakoid membrane
arranged in a “photosystem”
 collection of molecules
A Look at Light
 The spectrum of color
V
I
B
G
Y
O
R
Light: absorption spectra
 Photosynthesis gets energy by absorbing
wavelengths of light

chlorophyll a
 absorbs best in red & blue wavelengths & least in green

accessory pigments with different structures
absorb light of different wavelengths
 chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls
Why are
plants green?
How are they connected?
Respiration
glucose + oxygen  carbon + water + energy
dioxide
C6H12O6 +
6O2
 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Photosynthesis
carbon
sun
+ water + energy  glucose + oxygen
dioxide
6CO2 + 6H2O + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2
energy
Energy cycle
sun
Photosynthesis
plants
CO2
glucose
H2O
sugars
animals, plants
Cellular Respiration
The Great Circle
of Life!
Mufasa?
ATP
O2
Another view…
capture
light energy
sun
Photosynthesis
synthesis
producers, autotrophs
CO2
waste
organic
O2
molecules waste
H2O
waste
food
consumers, heterotrophs
digestion
Cellular Respiration
release
chemical energy
ATP