Transcript How do organisms get energy from ATP

I. CHEMICAL ENERGY AND ATP
A. How do organisms get energy?
1)
Chemical reactions break down molecules to give us a
usable form of energy called
2)
ATP.
ATP: adenosine triphosphate
a) A molecule that transfers energy from food to
your cells.
b) “Wallet filled with money”
B. How do organisms get energy
from ATP?
1) Energy carried by ATP is released when a
phosphate group is removed.
2) ADP is changed back into ATP when a
phosphate group is added
3) ATP(-) phosphate group=energy + ADP
phosphate removed
C.
Where does ATP come from?
1)
Organisms break down carbon-based molecules (carbohydrates
and lipids) to produce ATP.
2) Carbohydrates are the molecules most commonly broken down to
make ATP.
adenosine
triphosphate
a) not stored in large amounts
b) up to 36 ATP from one
glucose molecule
tri=3
adenosine
di=2
diphosphate
3)Fats store most of the energy in your body.
a) 80 percent of your energy is stored as fat
b) about 146 ATP from a triglyceride
4)) Proteins are least likely to be broken down to make ATP.
a) amino acids not usually needed for energy
b) about the same amount of energy as a carbohydrate
II. ENERGY SOURCES
A. Chemosynthesis
1)
2)
3)
A process in which
organisms that never get
sunlight make their own
food.
Organisms live in very hot
water near hydrothermal
vents. (usually
archaebacteria)
In chemosynthesis, chemical
energy, like sulfur, is used to make
food.
B. Photosynthesis
1. Photosynthesis is a process that
captures energy from sunlight to make
sugars that store chemical energy (ATP).
2. Organisms that can make their own food
are called autotrophs or producers.
3. Examples of producers are plants, some
bacteria, and some protists.
4) It occurs in the chloroplast that are
found in the leaves of plants.
5) Chlorophyll is the green pigment in
chloroplast that absorbs energy from
the sun.
6) Chemical equation:
light
6CO2 + 6 H20-----------------C
6H1206 + 602
CARBON DIOXIDE AND WATER PRODUCE GLUCOSE AND OXYGEN
7) Importance of Photosynthesis:
Makes sugars for plants food source
Plant growth and development
Removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
Gives us oxygen!
C. Cellular Respiration
1. A heterotroph, or consumer, is an organism
that obtains its energy and nutrients by eating
other organisms.
2. All organisms, whether a heterotroph or a
autotroph, use cellular respiration to get ATP
from food.
3. Cellular Respiration is a process that releases
chemical energy from sugars to make ATP
when oxygen is present.
4. Any process that requires oxygen is aerobic.
5. CR takes place in the mitochondria
• 6) CR is a mirror process of
photosynthesis.
– Equation:
• C6H12O6 + 602
6CO2 + 6 H20 + ENERGY
• Glucose and oxygen produce
carbon dioxide and water and
energy
Essential Question:
How is food broken down when
oxygen is not available?
D. Fermentation
1) Fermentation is an anaerobic process
that allows glycolysis to continue.
2) *Anaerobic -no oxygen
*Glycolysis-breaking down of glucose
3) It does not produce ATP.
.
4) Types of Fermentation
a) Lactic acid fermentation-produces lactic acid in your muscle cells, the
cells of other vertebrates, and in some
microorganisms
-makes your muscles sore
b) Alcoholic fermentation-used by yeasts and some plants
-produces alcohol and carbon dioxide
5) Importance of Fermentation:
a) Food production– yogurt, cheese, & bread
b) Bacteria that rely on fermentation aid in digestion in
animals
c) Used to make alcoholic beverages like beer and
wine