Transcript VITAMINS

Endometriosis:
 In this condition, tissue normally found only in the
uterus starts to grow outside the uterus — in the
ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other parts of the pelvic
cavity. It can cause abnormal bleeding,
dysmenorrheal, and general pelvic pain.
Treating Menstrual Problems;
 -To determine whether a problem requires
treatment, the doctor will ask several questions and
do a thorough physical exam. The doctor may do a
pelvic exam, a Pap smear, blood tests (to check
hormone levels), or urine tests. If there might be a
structural problem or some sort of growth, an
ultrasound or CT scan may be performed. Together,
these tests can help the doctor determine how a
condition should be handled.
 -Growths such as polyps or fibroids can often be
removed and endometriosis can often be treated
with medications or surgery. If a hormone imbalance
is to blame, the doctor will likely suggest hormone
therapy with birth control pills or other hormonecontaining medications.
 -And for menstrual pain with no underlying medical
cause, anti-inflammatory medicines are the most
effective treatment. Conditions like clotting
disorders or thyroid problems may require
treatment with medications as well.
When to Call the Doctor?
 -Although most period problems aren't cause for
alarm, certain symptoms do call for a trip to the
doctor. This is particularly true if a girl's normal cycle
changes. So take your daughter to her doctor if she:
 hasn't started her period by the time she's 15 or her
period hasn't become regular after 3 years of
menstruating. The most likely cause is a hormone
imbalance (which may need treatment), but this also
might point to another medical problem.
 stops getting her period or it becomes irregular after it has
been regular. Also let your daughter's doctor know if her cycle
is less than 21 days or more than 45 days, or if she doesn't get a
period for 3 months at any time after first beginning to
menstruate.
 has heavy or long periods, especially if she gets her period
frequently. In some cases, significant blood loss can cause irondeficiency anemia. Also, heavy bleeding could be a sign of a
growth in the uterus, a thyroid condition, an infection, or a
blood clotting problem.
 has very painful periods. Having cramps for a couple
of days is normal, but if your daughter isn't able to
participate in her normal activities, let the doctor
know. She might have a medical problem, such as
endometriosis, causing the pain.
-Helping Your Daughter….
 -When your daughter's experiencing a particularly bad bout of
PMS or cramps, you can help make her more comfortable.
Suggest that she:
 eat a balanced diet with lots of fresh fruit and vegetables
 reduce her intake of salt (which can cause water retention) and
caffeine (which can make her jumpy and anxious)
 include foods with calcium, which may reduce the severity of
her PMS symptoms
 try over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or
ibuprofen for cramps, headaches, or back pain
 take a brisk walk or bike ride to relieve stress and aches
 soak in a warm bath or put a hot water bottle on her
abdomen, which may help her relax
 -If you notice that your daughter's usual periods are
causing her great discomfort and interfering with
her life, talk to her doctor to make sure nothing else
is causing the problem and to see if anything can
help. Sometimes, hormone treatment, usually in the
form of birth control pills, can help ease many
symptoms associated with uncomfortable periods.
 -But the most important way you can help your
daughter feel more at ease about her period is to
talk to her and explain that most annoying or
uncomfortable conditions that accompany
menstruation are normal and may improve over
time. And be understanding when she's cranky and
unhappy. After all, no one's at her best all the time —
including you.
Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)
 - is a serious but uncommon bacterial infection. TSS
was originally linked to the use of tampons, but is
now also known to be associated with the
contraceptive sponge and diaphragm birth control
methods. TSS has also resulted from wounds
secondary to minor trauma or surgery incisions
where bacteria have been able to enter the body and
cause the infection.
 -The symptoms of TSS include sudden high fever, a faint feeling,
watery diarrhea, headache, and muscle aches. There are two
types of this condition. The first, toxic shock syndrome, is
caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and has been
associated with the use of tampons. (TSS was initially linked to
a particular type of tampon, which has since been taken off the
market.) Although the exact connection is still not clear,
researchers suspect that certain types of high-absorbency
tampons provided a moist, warm home where the bacteria
could thrive.
 -TSS can affect anyone who has any type of staph
infection, including pneumonia, abscess, skin or
wound infection, a blood infection called septicemia,
or a bone infection called osteomyelitis.
 -The second type of related infection, streptococcal
toxic shock syndrome, or STSS, is caused by
streptococcus bacteria. Most often STSS appears
after streptococcus bacteria have invaded areas of
injured skin, such as cuts and scrapes, surgical
wounds, and even chickenpox blisters.
 Toxic shock syndrome from staphylococcus starts suddenly
with vomiting, high fever (temperature at least 102° Fahrenheit
[38.8° Celsius]), a rapid drop in blood pressure (with
lightheadedness or fainting), watery diarrhea, headache, sore
throat, and muscle aches.
 Within 24 hours, a sunburn-like rash appears. There also may be
bloodshot eyes and an unusual redness under the eyelids or
inside the mouth (and vagina in females). After that, broken
blood vessels may appear on the skin. Other symptoms may
include: confusion or other mental changes; decreased
urination; fatigue and weakness; thirst; weak and rapid pulse;
pale, cool, moist skin; and rapid breathing.
Prevention:
 -The bacteria that cause toxic shock syndrome can be carried on
unwashed hands and prompt an infection anywhere on the
body. So hand washing is extremely important.
 -Girls can reduce their risk of TSS by either avoiding tampons or
alternating them with sanitary napkins. Girls who use only
tampons should choose ones with the lowest absorbency that
will handle menstrual flow and change the tampons frequently.
Between menstrual periods, store tampons away from heat and
moisture (where bacteria can grow) — for example, in a
bedroom rather than in a bathroom closet.
 -Because staphylococcus bacteria are often carried
on dirty hands, it's important for girls to to wash
their hands thoroughly before and after inserting a
tampon. If your daughter is just starting her
menstrual period, she should know about taking
these precautions. Any female who has recovered
from TSS should check with her doctor before using
tampons again
Diagnosis and Treatment:
 -Doctors typically diagnose TSS and STSS by doing a
physical exam and conducting blood tests that assess
a child's liver and kidney function. In toxic shock
syndrome, doctors may want to rule out conditions
like measles or Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which
can produce similar symptoms. A doctor may also
take samples of fluid from an abscess, boil, or
infected wound to look for a possible source of
staphylococcus or streptococcus infection.
 -Doctors typically treat TSS with antibiotics. If there is a pocket
of infection, like an abscess, a doctor also may need to drain the
infected area. A child who has TSS is monitored for signs of
shock until the condition has stabilized and seems to be
improving. Steroids are also sometimes used to treat severe
cases of TSS.
 -As with TSS, doctors typically treat STSS with antibiotics and
give intravenous fluids and medications to maintain normal
blood pressure. Surgery is sometimes necessary to remove
areas of dead skin and muscle around an infected wound.
When to Call the Doctor:
 Call your doctor immediately if your child has any of
the following signs and symptoms:
 1-Signs of shock:
 - Go to the emergency department immediately or
call an ambulance if your child has cold hands and
feet; a pulse that is fast and weak; confusion or other
mental changes; pale, moist skin; shortness of
breath; abnormally fast breathing; or a strong
feeling of anxiety or fear.
 2-Signs of TSS:
 - Look for fever; rash (especially a rash that looks like
sunburn); nausea and vomiting; watery diarrhea;
confusion or other mental changes; and decreased
urination. If your daughter uses tampons, ask her to
tell you immediately if she notices any unusual
vaginal discharge, especially if it smells strange or
bad. Most of the time that will be due to other
causes, but no matter the cause, it still rates
evaluation.
 Signs of STSS: Look for the symptoms of shock listed
above, plus a fever; blotchy rash; and an area of
infected skin that is red, swollen, and painful.
 -Once you realize that something is wrong, it's
important to get medical attention right away. The
sooner your child gets treatment, the quicker the
recovery will be.
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