Transcript Kingdom - Cloudfront.net

• Taxonomy: Branch of
biology that groups all
life according to their
characteristics and
history
• All life on earth is placed
into 1 of 6 kingdoms:
–
–
–
–
–
–
Bacteria
prokaryotes
Archaea
Protista
Fungi
eukaryotes
Plantae
Animalia
• Classification is always a work in progress
– Until 1866: only two kingdoms,
Animalia and Plantae
– 1866: all single-celled
organisms moved to
kingdom Protista
Plantae
Animalia
– 1938: prokaryotes moved to
kingdom Monera
– 1959: fungi moved to
own kingdom
Fungi
– 1977: kingdom Monera
split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea
Protista
Archaea
Monera
Bacteria
The 6 kingdoms are classified into domains
• Domains are above the kingdom level
– Domain model more clearly shows prokaryotic diversity
• The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria,
Archaea, and Eukarya.
• Developed classification
system based on physical
features
• Many rules still used today
– Binomial Nomenclature:
System of giving every
organism 2 names
– 1st word: Genus (broad)
– 2nd word: Species (specific)
• Example: House cat
– Genus: Felis (cougars, lions,
tigers, cheetahs, etc…)
– Species: catus
• When Writing:
– Genus Capitalized
– species lowercase
– Underlined entirely
Ex: Homo sapiens
• When Typing:
– Same, except use
italics (instead of underlining)
Ex: Homo sapiens
Oh Looney Toons!
Oh Looney Toons!
• Defined: A group of organisms
in a classification system.
• 7 individual levels (taxa) used to
classify organisms
Kingdom (broadest)
Kings
Phylum
Play
Class
Chess
Order
On
Fine
Family
Glass
Genus
Species (specific) Surfaces
• Allows relationships to be
clearly seen
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
The more levels
in common...the
more related the
species.
Quick Question: Which two organisms are
most related to one another?
Killer Whale
K = Animals
P = Chordata
C = Mammals
O = Cetacea
F = Delphinidae
G = Orcinus
S = orca
Red Wolf
K = Animals
P = Chordata
C = Mammals
O = Carnivora
F = Canidae
G = Canis
S = vulpes
Polar Bear
K = Animals
P = Chordata
C = Mammals
O = Carnivora
F = Ursidae
G = Ursus
S = arctos
Using a
dichotomous
key
What is this item?
Using a
dichotomous
key
What is this item?
Review
1) Who created the classification system used today
a) What is it based on?
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Name the 6 kingdoms of life.
Which kingdom(s) are prokaryotic?
Which kingdom(s) may be unicellular?
Which kingdom(s) are bacteria?
Which two taxa make up an organism’s binomial
name?
7) What happened to kingdom Monera?
8) Place the 7 levels of taxonomy in order from
largest to smallest.
9) Name the 7 human taxa, from largest to smallest.