Transcript The sun allows life on earth to exist

The sun allows life on earth to
exist
Photosynthesis
–Is the process that uses solar
energy to convert water and
carbon dioxide into chemical
energy (Carbohydrates –sugars
and starches)
Figure 10.1
Plants are autotrophs or producers
-
Because they have the ability to
make their own food.
2 Types of producers or autotrophs
1. Photosynthesis
2. Chemosynthesis- bacteria
Photosynthesis Occurs in
1. Plants
2. Algae – Phytoplankton
3. Protist- Single cell organisms
living in pond water
4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria
Heterotrophs
–Obtain their energy from other
organisms by eating them
–Are the consumers of the
biosphere
• Three things are need by plants for
photosynthesis
1.Water
2.Carbon dioxide
3.Sunlight
Chloroplasts: Are the Sites of
Photosynthesis in Plants
Leaf cross section
Vei
Mesophyl
l
Stomata
CO2
O2
Mesophyll
Chloroplast
5 µm
Outer
membrane
Thylakoid
Stroma
Granum
Intermembrane
space
Thylakoid
space
Inner
membrane
1 µm
Structure of the chloroplasts
• Thylakoids- disk shaped structure
- Chlorophyll is found here
Chlorophyll- this absorbs the light
- acts like a solar panel
- two types a and b
Photosynthesis Equation
Reactants:
Products:
Figure 10.4
12 H2O
6 CO2
C6H12O6
6 H2O
6 O2
The energy comes from the sun
–light energy is used to power
chemical reactions that combine
water with the air's carbon dioxide
to form starchy carbohydrate
(written on board)
LIGHT
–Is a form of electromagnetic
energy, which travels in
waves
Wavelength
Is the distance between the
crests of waves
Wavelength is important
• Because it determines the type of
electromagnetic energy
The electromagnetic spectrum
10–5
nm
10–3
1 nm
nm
Gamma
rays
103
X-rays
106
nm
UV
1m
106 nm
nm
Microwaves
Infrared
103 m
Radio
waves
Visible light
380
450
Shorter wavelength
Higher energy
500
550
600
650
700
Longer wavelength
Lower energy
750 nm
The visible light spectrum
- Includes the colors of light we can see
ROY G BIV
–Red, orange, yellow, green, blue,
indigo, violet
Pigments
● Are substances that absorb
visible light
• Chlorophyll is the main pigment
that absorbs certain wavelengths
of light
Light Absorption by Chlorophyll a
and b
ure 10.7
Light
Reflected
Light
Chloroplast
Absorbed
light
Granum
Transmitted
light
What does that graph tell you?
• Chlorophyll a and b absorbs
• 1. Blue
• 2. Violet
• 3. Red
HOW DO CELLS USE ENERGY?
1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
2. Endocytosis
3. Exocytosis
Animation from:
• 4. Synthesis
•
of biomolecules
• 5. Reproduction
• 6. Movement
CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and
RELEASE ENERGY
Adenosine triphosphate
3 PHOSPHATE
____
GROUPS
Adenosine triphosphate
ATP = __________________________
ATP can change into ADP
2 PHOSPHATE
____
GROUPS
Adenosine diphosphate
ADP = __________________________
http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html
ATP releases
energy stored
in a high energy
chemical bond by
removing the
phosphate and
becoming ADP
ATP
ADP + ____ +
→ ____
Cells ________
STORE energy by adding the
phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP.
The energy to do this comes from
FOODS
GLUCOSE
____________
like _____________
It’s like recharging the battery !
ADP + ___ + ________
ATP
→ ___