Transcript ATP - Mr. Wells` wikispace

Autotrophs & Heterotrophs
Energy  ability to do work.
- The sun is the original source of energy.
Autotrophs  make their own food.
Ex: Plants, Bacteria
Heterotrophs  get energy from foods eat
Ex: Whales, Ants, Humans, Fungus
Chemical Energy & ATP
 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) = main chemical
that cells use to store & release energy.
 ATP is made up of:
 adenine
 5-carbon (ribose)
 3 phosphate groups
Adenine
Ribose
Phosphate Groups
P
P
P
Phosphate groups are the
key to ATP’s ability to store
& release energy.
Releasing Energy
 Energy is stored in the bonds that hold ATP
together.
 Between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate
P
P
P
• When the bond breaks between them
energy is released.
P
P
P
P
P
P
 When the bond is NOT broken energy is
being stored to be used later.
• When the bond breaks it is converted to
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
• It has only 2 phosphates
P
P
P
ADP
ATP
• When molecules become available again the
bond reforms & energy is stored.
ATP can be “RECHARGED”
ADP
ATP
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Partially
charged
battery
Energy
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Fully
charged
battery
Using Biochemical Energy
 Most cells have only a small amount of
ATP
 lasts them for a few seconds of activity
USES of ATP?
 Energy from ATP powers:
synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids
 responses to chemicals at the cell
surface
 can even be used to produce light
Using Biochemical Energy
 ATP  great for transferring energy….
NOT good for long term energy storage.
 Single molecule of glucose stores 90 times
the chemical energy of one molecule of ATP.
 Cells regenerate ATP from ADP as needed.